The distinction between reality and models or methodological assumptions is necessary for an understanding of the use of data--economic, technical or biological--in decision-making. The traditional modes of analysis used in decisions are discussed historically and analytically. Utilitarian-based concepts such as cost-benefit analysis and cannibalistic concepts such as "acceptable risk" are reje...

The long-term success of e-government initiatives is of paramount importance, especially for developing countries, which face challenges such as limited budget, donor dependence, transfer of technology, short-term involvement of non-local agents, and relatively unstable political and economic environment. Although e-government success and sustainability are both relevant concepts to assess IT-e...

Overview Given the drive towards the provision of ever better patient care in medicine, and the seemingly contradictory rise of self declared “healthcare crises” in many parts of the world, ophthalmology, like most other medical specialties, is experiencing uncertain, if not turbulent times. Exactly what the result of such changes will be is diYcult to predict. It is certain, nevertheless, that...

Overview Given the drive towards the provision of ever better patient care in medicine, and the seemingly contradictory rise of self declared “healthcare crises” in many parts of the world, ophthalmology, like most other medical specialties, is experiencing uncertain, if not turbulent times. Exactly what the result of such changes will be is diYcult to predict. It is certain, nevertheless, that...

Sequential equilibrium and quasi-perfect equilibrium are not invariant under isomorphism of the standard form. We introduce two relaxations of super weak isomorphism which reflect those features of extensive games which determine sequential equilibrium or quasiperfect equilibrium, respectively. Though these concepts rely on details of the extensive form, they are essentially weaker than other s...

In Stanovich's (2009a, 2011) dual-process theory, analytic processing occurs in the algorithmic and reflective minds. Thinking dispositions, indexes of reflective mind functioning, are believed to regulate operations at the algorithmic level, indexed by general cognitive ability. General limitations at the algorithmic level impose constraints on, and affect the adequacy of, specific strategies ...

This is an expository article the aim of which is to introduce interested students and researchers to the topic of tensor rank, in particular to the construction of explicit tensors of high rank. We try to keep the mathematical concepts and language used as simple as possible to address a broad audience. This article is thought to be an appetizer and does not provide by any means a complete cov...

The mathematical concept of topology has brought about significant advantages that allow for a fundamental understanding of the underlying physics of a system. In magnetism, the topology of spin order manifests itself in the topological winding number which plays a pivotal role for the determination of the emergent properties of a system. However, the direct experimental determination of the to...

With the increasing adoption of Web services, designing novel approaches for recommending relevant Web services has become of paramount importance especially to support many practical applications such as Web services composition. In this paper, a survey aiming at encompassing the state-of-the-art interactive Web services composition recommendation approaches is presented. Both Web services com...

This study combines elements of the Japanese Lesson Study approach and teachers’ professional development. An explorative research design is conducted with three upper level high school teachers in the light of educational design research, whereby design activities will be cyclically evaluated. The Lesson Study team observed and evaluated two different research lesson cycles. The first one focu...