Rangeland ecosystems provide a wide range of services such as gas regulation function whose economic value has not been understood. The present study aimed to estimate the economic value of CO2 absorption and oxygen generation services using unit price in Sheikh Musa Rangeland, Mazandaran Province, Iran. In the study area, clipping and weight and photosynthesis methods were applied to estimate ...

Materials used for manned space flight are tightly controlled to ensure the safety of the crewmembers. Significant changes to the economic environment as well as impact from environmental restrictions have resulted in material obsolescence that requires recertification or revalidation, increasing cost and risk to the program. This paper will review the impact this issue has had on the Shuttle E...

Environmental planning and management can have positive effects on development of some land uses including industrial areas that have a major effect on economic, social and environmental conditions. Considering the most important problems associated with modeling, the fundamental methods and functions of site-selection laid inside the geographical information system are not accounted for the mu...

In the 21st century, China is being confronted with not only various urgent challenges (including industrialization, urbanization, modernization, and informatization), but also various pressures (including energy/resource shortages and environmental pollution). In this context, it is imperative for China to carry out new-type industrialization characterized by high technological content, high e...

Using second-generation biomass and biofuel deal with environmental pollution and CO2 emissions. Therefore, this paper design an integrated multi-period bi-objective biofuel supply chain network using support vector machine (SVM) and economic analysis to reduce the cost of generating biofuels and CO2 emissions. The economic analysis consists of three scenarios for supplyin...

Ð Analysis of rural households and environmental resources is beset by inadequate data, especially in Africa. Using purpose-collected panel data from Zimbabwe, we demonstrate seven empirical regularities in the rural poverty-environment relationship. Most important, environmental resources make a signi®cant contribution to average rural incomes. Poorer households also depend heavily on these re...