Although the Neotropics are recognized as a region rich in biological diversity, the origin, evolution, and maintenance of this phenomenon continues to be debated. Historical ecologists and landscape archaeologists point out that the Neotropics have a long, complex human history that may have been a key factor in the creation, shaping, and management of present day biodiversity. The constructio...

in recent year, the evolutionary structural optimization (eso) method, has been applied as an effective tool for structures design. the concept of eso method is to use the finite element  results in each iteration of process and removal of inefficient material based on these results. in this method there are several experimental parameters such as rejection rate and evolutionary rate that are e...

Earthwork on the Medical Building Construction Project Phase 2 of Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Hospital Along Branch is one main keys to withstand building's resilience structure. This has obstacles ongoing excavation and Mgrading work, tools that need be improved, less supportive terrain conditions. As a result, completion work may delayed leading cost overruns. Therefore, for an active role man...

differential steering of in-wheel electric vehicle provides the functions of both active steering and power assisted steering with the coupling control of force and displacement transfer characteristic of system. a collaborative optimization model of the differential power-assisted steering system of in-wheel electric vehicle is built, with steering economy as the main system optimization goal,...

Road networks are accepted as a criterion showing the level of development countries. Undoubtedly, role highways in facilitating human life is quite important. However, road routes involve high cost land surveying studies that can pass through areas with various use types and cover.For forest to be built areas, points representing surface obtained by measurement methods (remote sensing, photogr...

This research focuses on the potential for microbial treatment to stabilize compacted soils, which are often utilized in earthwork projects. A silt–clay sand was used describe a particular kind of soil. The suggested remedy makes use soil’s naturally occurring urea and Ca2+, as well microorganisms introduced compaction water. Two alternative initial water-content types were examined: those dry ...

for any agency dealing with the design of the water distribution network, an economic design will be an objective. in this research, central force optimization (cfo) and differential evolution (de) algorithm were used to optimize ismail abad water distribution network. optimization of the network has been evaluated by developing an optimization model based on cfo and de algorithm in matlab and ...