The development of semiconductor electronics is reviewed briefly, beginning with the development of germanium devices (band gap E g = 0.66 eV) after World War II. A tendency towards alternative materials with wider band gaps quickly became apparent, starting with silicon (E g = 1.12 eV). This improved the signal-to-noise ratio for classical electronic applications. Both semiconductors have a te...

Evidence-based movements have emerged recently in variousdisciplines. They are motivated to improve practice by making research-informed decisions. However, the concept of “evidence-based” is easilymisconstrued, risking a lost opportunity to bridge the gap betweenpractitioners, academics and other stakeholders. As an inter-disciplinaryfield, e-HRM is likely to exhibit the re...

What explains the gender gap in ideology, i.e. the observation that women tend to be more leftist than men? We provide new evidence showing that personality traits play a key role. Using a novel high-quality data set, we show that the mediating (i.e. indirect) e¤ects of gender operating through personality traits by far dominate the direct e¤ects of gender. They also dominate other potential di...

In this paper,we study the integrality gap of the subtour LP relaxation for thetraveling salesman problem in the special case when all edge costs are either 1 or 2. Forthe general case of symmetric costs that obey triangle inequality, a famous conjectureis that the integrality gap is 4/3. Little progress towards resolving this conjecturehas been made in 30years. We conjecture th...

Two distinct, rigorous views of cryptography have developed over the years, in two mostly separate communities. One of the views relies on a simple but e ective formal approach; the other, on a detailed computational model that considers issues of complexity and probability. There is an uncomfortable and interesting gap between these two approaches to cryptography. This paper starts to bridge t...

Department of Chemistry, Chemical The University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St USA. E-mail: [email protected]; cramer@u † Electronic supplementary information gaps for CASSCF(4,4), CASSCF(8,8), D numbers of CSFs with more signica HONO 1, HONO, LUNO and LUNO+1 for gap (kcal mol ) of decacene for DF singlet–triplet energy gap (kcal mol 1 functionals, molecular geometries, a 10.1039/c6sc05036k Cit...

Ereymatermes Constantino is a nasute genus endemic to the Neotropical region, which included Ereymatermes rotundiceps Constantino from the forest of the lower Japurá River, AM, Brazil, and E. panamensis Roisin from the Panama Canal area. Herein Ereymatermes piquira, a new species from the northeastern Atlantic Forest, is described and illustrated based on the soldier and worker castes. The mean...

The optical conductivity spectra of quasi-one dimensional compounds K0.3Mo1−xWxO3 (x=0, 0.03 and 0.15) have been studied over broad frequencies. While the dc resistivity measurements indicate no sign of CDW transition in heavily W-doped blue bronze, the optical conductivity spectra still show a single particle gap at around 0.2 eV for E parallel to the chain direction. Such impurity effect chal...

An improvement of a process to fabricate co-planar metal-insulator-metal nanojunctions is presented to reach a gap length much lower than lo nm using a 20 kev e-beam and an AuPd lift-off. The electrodes of the nanojunction are less than loo nm in width and are buried in the Si02 substrate. For the 8 nm nanojunctions, the gap is still filled with Si02 if care is taken about the Si02

New calculation reveals that E is constant in a thin layer across the Fermi surface, befitting the definition of energy gap parameter, ∆ varies dramatically. The BCS self-consistent equation has a simple and exact solution, showing that the well-known ratio 3.5 must be replaced by 4. A simple formula is found to estimate energy gap from first principles with reasonable accuracy, useful to the c...