OBJECTIVE Spasmodic dysphonia is a focal dystonia of the larynx with heterogeneous manifestations and association with familial risk factors. There are scarce data to allow precise understanding of etiology and pathophysiology. Screening for dystonia-causing genetic mutations has the potential to allow accurate diagnosis, inform about genotype-phenotype correlations, and allow a better understa...

Muscle tension dysphonia is a functional voice disorder caused by unbalanced activity of the laryngeal and extralaryngeal muscles. People with may have changes in cervical perilaryngeal muscles, limited amplitude movement spine, but also posture disorders. The aim this paper to present analyzed therapeutic effects manual techniques muscle dysphonia, based on review available literature. In acco...

Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis revealed by a dysphonia related to cricoarytenoid arthritis Sir, Autoimmune hepatitis disease may be accompanied , or revealed by, extra-hepatic (particularly rheumatological) manifestations, in approximately 5% of patients. 1 These manifestations include arth-ralgia, symmetrical non-erosive, non-deforming poly-arthritis, commonly localized on large articulations (kn...