Abstract Hedgerow orchard is an olive growing system where trees are planted at a super high-density higher than 20-fold (i.e., 1200–2500 ha −1 ) compared to the traditional density of orchards (usually 50 160 ). It dominating great proportion new plantations because harvesting can be fully mechanized, it early bearing and has relatively constant high productivity. However, there limited number...

The aim of this review is to check the possibilities and circumstances regarding how create a high-density Persian walnut orchard. Increasing yields, decreasing tree size, limiting juveniles, lowering total costs are most important objectives breeders horticulturists. Reducing size trees can increase yield. Breeding programs in several countries have led production dwarf rootstocks. For example...

Accurate water and fertilizer management are essential in modern high intensity orchard systems to enable the manipulation of both reproductive and vegetative development. Studies have been conducted to establish the annual plant fertilization requirements, of several tree crops but there exists little information regarding the requirements of pear trees on rootstocks of differing vigour. Niney...

The major gibberellin (GA) controlling stem elongation in pea (Pisum sativum L.) is GA1, which is formed from GA20 by 3beta-hydroxylation. This step, which limits GA1 biosynthesis in pea, is controlled by the Le locus, one of the original Mendelian loci. Mutations in this locus result in dwarfism. We have isolated cDNAs encoding a GA 3beta-hydroxylase from lines of pea carrying the Le, le, le-3...