Abstarct A kinetic equation for dust particles with a new kinetic variable-the mass of grains-is suggested for the description of processes with changing mass in dusty plasmas and neutral systems.

BACKGROUND Road traffic crashes are the third highest cause of mortality in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of roadway environmental factors on traffic crash. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran between March 21, 2010 and December 30, 2010. The data on road traffic crashes were obtained from the Traffic Police Department records. These records were...

BACKGROUND & AIMS The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the dust storm can cause diseases such as Asthma, Pneumonia, and respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between air-borne particles with airborne microorganisms in normal and dusty days in Sanandaj, a city located in the west of Iran. MATERIALS & METHODS Air sampling was conducted during th...

It is well established in the local Universe that regions of high star-formation rate are dusty. As a result of this physical causal link, galaxies of increasing current star formation activity emit a larger proportion of their bolometric luminosity via dust absorption and re-radiation in the thermal midto far-infrared. Several new observations indicate that this trend continues back to earlier...

We assemble a sample consisting of 66 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from literature and the XMM-Newton archive in order to investigate the origin of the 6.4 keV narrow iron Kα line (NIKAL). The X-ray Baldwin effect of the NIKAL is confirmed in this sample. We find the equivalent width (EW ) of the NIKAL is more strongly inversely correlated with Eddington ratio (E) than the 2-10 keV X-ray lumin...

Novel properties introduced by charged particulates in a plasma medium and how they influence excitation and propagation of waves are discussed. Such a medium, commonly known as dusty plasma, is generated in the near Earth environment by dust and other debris of meteoric origin and exhausts and effluents from space platforms. A novel feature of dusty plasma is that the charge to mass ratio can ...

We present results on number counts of Extremely Red Objects (EROs) in a 2850 arcmin 2 near-infrared survey performed in European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) fields at K < 17.5. Counts of EROs are extended to brighter levels than available previously, giving 0.002 ± 0.001arcmin −2 at K < 16.5 and consistent numbers with literature values at fainter magnitudes. Photometric redshifts from HYPER...

Biased galaxy-formation theories predict that massive galaxies at high redshifts should act as signposts to high-density environments in the early universe, which subsequently evolve into the cores of the richest clusters seen at the present day. These regions are characterised by over-densities of young galaxies, perhaps including a population of dusty, interaction-driven starbursts — the prog...

The extremely red galaxies (ERGs) are defined in terms of their very red optical-tonear IR colours (as R-K>5 or I-K>4). Originally this selection was aimed at selecting old (> 1 Gyr) passively evolving elliptical galaxies at intermediate redshift (1<z<2), but it was soon discovered that young star-forming dusty galaxies can show similar colours and therefore be selected in the same surveys. It ...