A Pfizer representative contacted the editorial office to raise concerns that there are image duplications in this article. Pfizer has undertaken a review and determined that there are duplications in Fig 4A of the article and that part of the experiments cannot be verified. In light of the concerns identified, the authors and the PLOS ONE Editors retract this article. We did not receive any co...

The performance of DSVD was evaluated using simulated data encompassing the following 16 different types of structural variations (SVs): 1. Small insertions (of length l ∼ N (15, 3), where N (μ, σ) is a Normal distribution with mean μ and standard deviation σ.) 2. Small deletions (l ∼ N (15, 3)) 3. Deletions (l ∼ N (1000, 100)) 4. Inversions (l ∼ N (1000, 100)) 5. Tandem duplications (l ∼ N (10...

Abstract Background Anorectal malformations associated with colonic duplications are a rare condition. Double terminations of tubular duplication in the perineum even rarer. Colonic may have different presentations according to its location and size incidence less than 15% all gastrointestinal duplications. We hereby report three such cases recto-vestibular fistula along underlying colorectal o...

The normalized maximum likelihood (NML) model [2]-[4] for a class of Markov sources [6] was recently used for the compression of full genomes, obtaining for the human genome the best existing compression results [1]. We show that one of the underlying biological features that the compression algorithm implicitly uncovers is the existence of approximate gene duplication. We proposed a refined me...

The underlying mechanism by which the interspersed pattern of human segmental duplications has evolved is unknown. Based on a comparative analysis of primate genomes, we show that a particular segmental duplication (LCR16a) has been the source locus for the formation of the majority of intrachromosomal duplications blocks on human chromosome 16. We provide evidence that this particular segment ...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Keywords: Algorithms Combinatorial problems Pattern avoiding permutation Whole duplication-random loss model Genome Generating algorithm Binary reflected Gray code In this paper we study the problem of the whole mirror duplication-random loss model in terms of pattern avoiding permutations. We prove that the class of permutations obtained with this model af...

Alimentary tract duplications are a rare congenital anomalies that usually present in childhood and occasionally in adults. To our knowledge, since 1884, there have been only 14 reported cases of ileal duplications in adults of which 3 patients had developed malignancy in the duplicated ileum. We report here such an extremely rare case of isolated ileal duplication in an elderly male in whom ma...

Partial duplications of 10p and 13q in association with partial deletions of other chromosome segments have been variously reported. We describe here a female child with multiple congenital abnormalities and combined partial duplications of 10p and 13q resulting from a 3:1 segregation of a maternal t(10;13)(p13;q22). In comparing the phenotypic features of the two chromosome imbalances, the exp...

The region that includes the dnaB locus on the E. coli K12 chromosome was shown to be duplicated at high frequency in cell populations. The duplications were shown to be arranged in tandem and segregated at various frequencies. Segregation was dependent on the recA recombination system, but independent of recB,C. Though most of the data was obtained with dnaB::Tn10 insertion mutants, the duplic...