‎From Hilbert's theorem of zeroes‎, ‎and from Noether's ideal theory‎, ‎Birkhoff derived certain algebraic concepts (as explained by Tholen) that have a dual significance in general toposes‎, ‎similar to their role in the original examples of algebraic geometry‎. ‎I will describe a simple example that illustrates some of the aspects of this relationship‎. The dualization from algebra to geometr...

The recruitment of osteoclast precursors toward osteoblasts and subsequent cell-cell interactions are critical for osteoclast differentiation. Chemokines are known to regulate cell migration and adhesion. CX3CL1 (also called fractalkine) is a unique membrane-bound chemokine that has dual functions for cells expressing its receptor CX3CR1: a potent chemotactic factor in its soluble form and a ty...

In the present study, the aim was to investigate the role of microRNA-1180 (miR-1180) in the growth and apoptosis of prostate cancer, as well as to identify its direct targets. Initially, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to examine the expression of miR-1180 in the prostate cancer tissues and adjacent normal prostate tissues of 30 patients, as...

Adult neurogenesis in mammals is restricted to two small regions, including the olfactory bulb, where GABAergic and dopaminergic interneurons are newly generated throughout the entire lifespan. However, the mechanisms directing them towards a specific neuronal phenotype are not yet understood. Here, we demonstrate the dual role of the transcription factor Pax6 in generating neuronal progenitors...

Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) is an oncogenic dual domain zinc finger transcription factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell renewal, and its overexpression in myeloid leukemia and epithelial cancers is associated with poor patient survival. Despite the discovery of EVI1 in 1988 and its emerging role as a dominant oncogene in various types of ...

The 21-kDa dual specific protein phosphatase VH1-related (VHR) is one of the smallest known phosphatases, and its function has remained obscure. We report that this enzyme is expressed in lymphoid cells and is not induced by T cell antigen receptor like other dual specificity phosphatases. Introduction of exogenous VHR into Jurkat T cells caused a marked decrease in the transcriptional activati...

During development, early inducing programs must later be counterbalanced for coordinated tissue maturation. In Xenopus laevis embryos, activation of the Meis3 transcription factor by a mesodermal Wnt3a signal lies at the core of the hindbrain developmental program. We now identify a hindbrain restricting circuit, surprisingly comprising the hindbrain inducers Wnt3a and Meis3, and Tsh1 protein....

OBJECTIVE The focus of this study was to investigate the role of connexin (Cx) 45 in endothelial-induced mural cell differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS We created mural cell precursors that stably express only Cx45 in Cx43-deficient mesenchymal cells (ReCx45), and used our in vitro model of blood vessel assembly to assess the capacity of this Cx to support endothelial-induced mural cell diff...

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. How obesity contributes to metabolic syndrome is unclear. Free fatty acid (FFA) activation of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SRC)-dependent cJun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is implicated in this process. However, the mechanism that mediates SRC-dependent JNK activation is unclear. Here...

In this paper, we introduce the concept of $g$-dual frames for Hilbert $C^{*}$-modules, and then the properties and stability results of $g$-dual frames  are given.  A characterization of $g$-dual frames, approximately dual frames and dual frames of a given frame is established. We also give some examples to show that the characterization of $g$-dual frames for Riesz bases in Hilbert spaces is ...