means of increasing worker productivity so that higher wages can be paid and as a means of getting the work done with a smaller labor force. A part, at least, of the difference between the level of mechanization here and abroad is explained by differences in wage rates. As wages go up, it pays to use more machines and fewer men. In recent years, for example, it took about 67 gallons of milk to ...

We investigate farmers’ decision to engage in organic production. Our objective is to identify the key factors that promote or hinder the update of organic farming. In particular, we focus on neighborhood factors and the spatial allocation of organic land parcels. A rich spatial panel data of all agricultural parcels is compiled and the information on land use, soil quality, biodiversity, local...

seed hardiness in annual medics plays an important role in soil seed bank reserve to ensure ley farming system sustainability. to study the level of seed hardiness in annual medic (medicago scuttelata var.rabinson) at different fertilizing treatments and growing conditions (irrigated and dry farming system), an experiment was conducted at two research stations (sararod, research institute and s...

Abstract Changes in land cover are characterized by changes use conversion. One of the factors that cause closure is increase number residents so need for residential also increases. This study aims to identify 2017 and 2021 Bila River Basin. Land change analysis carried out using Geographic Information System approach overlay method ArcGIS software. The results showed 2017-2021, secondary dryl...

Insect-proof net cultivation (IPN), rice-duck farming (RD), and organic matter return (OM) are important methods to realize sustainable development of rice production. A split-plot field experiment was performed to study the effects of IPN, RD, and OM on the rice yield, dry matter accumulation and N utilization. Results showed that compared to inorganic N fertilizer (IN), wheat straw return, an...

Considering the persistently growing pressure on finite freshwater and soil resources, it becomes increasingly clear that the challenge of feeding tomorrow’s world population is, to a large extent, about improved water productivity within present land use. Rain-fed agriculture plays a critical role in this respect. Eighty per cent of the agricultural land worldwide is under rain-fed agriculture...

structural characteristics and spatial distribution of major farming systems in mountain environment of the iranian plateau as well as their developments in the past few decades have been studied by statistical analysis. using this new approach, towards the study of natural resource allocation methods in mountains of iran, the following resulted: land and resource use practices have followed a ...

INTRODUCTION Retirement from paid work is a major life change for men and women. It has been suggested that, for men, self-identity is more strongly associated with paid work than is generally the case for women. If this is so, then the retirement transition for men, in which not only the behaviours of a lifetime but also the sense of self must be substantially recast, is of particular interest...

tillage and press wheel weight play an important role in seedling emergence, crop establishment and growth. an optimal combination of tillage implements and suitable press wheel weights should increase grain yield. this study investigated the effect of tillage systems and press wheel weights on dry land wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling emergence and grain yields in izeh, khuzestan province...

Across the planet, high-intensity farming has transformed native vegetation into monocultures, decreasing biodiversity on a landscape scale. Yet landscape-scale changes to biodiversity and community structure often emerge from processes operating at local scales. One common process that can explain changes in biodiversity and community structure is the creation of abrupt habitat edges, which, i...