background: one of the fundamental issues of infectious disease treatment is drug resistance. the aim of the present study was to investigate the first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance rates and determine the risk factors related to multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis.methods: from march 2011 to september 2012, mycobacterial strains were collected from one hundred fifteen diagn...

background: this study was done to detect multidrug resistant (mdr) and extremely drug resistant (xdr) of pseudomonas aeruginosa among strains isolated from patients in tehran, iran, due to importance of these phenotypes in treatment of human infections. methods: eighty eightp. aeruginosa were isolated from patients in tehran, iran, and identified by routine methods and pcr for oprl gene. their...

results the k. pneumonia isolates were resistant to erythromycin (70%), cefixime (53.3%), tetracycline (50%) and ceftazidime (36.6%). the amplification of teta and tetb genes of k. pneumonia revealed that all of the isolates harbored these genes. conclusions resistance to tetracycline and other antibiotics, and the presence of various resistance genes in k. pneumonia strains are alarming signs ...

biofilm of pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, can cause serious health problems, such as chronic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. many studies have suggested administration of new generation of antibiotics, as p. aeruginosa biofilms have developed high resistance to antimicrobial drugs. this study reports the inhibitory effect of three medicinal plant extrac...

objective: to investigate microorganisms causing bacteremia in jordanian children and to assess their sensitivity to various groups of antimicrobials. methods: a retrospective study was conducted on positive blood cultures taken from 378 children aged below 15 year, who sought medical attention at princess rahmah hospital between january and december/2008. results: out of 4475 tested blood samp...

The aim of this study to study the drug resistance patterns of dapsone (pre- and post-MDT) and rifampicin (post-MDT era). All the 84 patients from pre-MDT period (1985-1990) and 77 patients for post-MDT period (1990-2002) reporting to a tertiary care hospital-NJIL & OMD, Agra and referred for drug susceptibility testing were included in the study. Drug resistance was studied by mouse foot pad m...

R factors fi(+) and fi(-), with various combinations of drug-resistance markers and isolated from independent sources, were transduced by phage P1kc in Escherichia coli and by phage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium. Usually the entire R factor was transduced by P1kc in E. coli, as indicated by the absence of segregation of the drug-resistance markers from their conjugal transferability. In contras...

Antiretroviral drug resistance and escape from CTL are major obstacles to effective control of HIV replication. To investigate the possibility of combining drug and immune-based selective pressures against HIV, we studied the effects of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations on CTL recognition of five HIV-1 Pol epitopes presented by common HLA molecules. We found that these common drug resist...