These European Guidelines for Workplace Drug Testing in Urine have been prepared and updated by the European Workplace Drug Testing Society (EWDTS). The first version of these urine guidelines was published in 2002. Since then, the guidelines have been followed by many laboratories in different European countries and their role has been essential particularly in countries lacking legislation fo...

Compared to a decade ago, nearly three times as many drugs for rare diseases are slated for development. This article addresses the market access issues associated with orphan drug status in Europe and the United States in contrast to the legislation in five Latin American (LA) countries that have made strides in this regard--Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Chile and Argentina. Based on the success o...

T he directive from the US Congress, through laws and regulations mandating that manufacturers of pharmaceuticals demonstrate proof that new drugs are both safe and efficacious in target groups, has been in place for 50 years. However, children and, in particular, neonates remain disproportionately underrepresented in the majority of drug clinical trials. To date, federal legislation has been s...

The Road Transport Legislation Amendment (Drug Testing) Act 2006 commenced in December 2006 and authorised roadside drug testing in NSW, and the drug testing of any driver, motorcycle rider or supervising licence holder involved in a fatal crash. A review of the drug testing legislation was undertaken in 2008 to determine whether or not the new laws were meeting their policy objectives of detec...

This Article explores the evolution and interaction of the legal and cultural categories "food" and "drug" from the late nineteenth century to the present. The federal statutory definitions of "food" and "drug" have always been ambiguous and plastic, providing the FDA with significant regulatory flexibility. Nevertheless, the agency is not necessarily free to interpret the definitions however i...

BACKGROUND The 5(th) Iran National Development Plan, 2011-2015, has emphasized on expansion of rural asphalt roads. This article aims to illustrate the trend of deaths caused by rural road traffic crashes (RTCs) and its association with length of the rural roads in Iran. METHODS We carried out a retrospective analysis on secondary data for the period from 2005 to 2010. The Iranian Forensic Me...

In this essay, I argue that prescription drug laws violate patients' rights to self-medication. Patients have rights to self-medication for the same reasons they have rights to refuse medical treatment according to the doctrine of informed consent (DIC). Since we should accept the DIC, we ought to reject paternalistic prohibitions of prescription drugs and respect the right of self-medication. ...

Two recent incidents point to divergent perspectives in governmental drug policies among Western European countries that have implications for the United States. A report in August 2002 by the Council of Europe’s narcotics monitoring Pompidou Group has stated that Oslo Norway is first among 42 European cities in the seizures of illicit drugs as well as deaths caused by the illegal substances.Ye...

Hurricane Katrina accomplished what no law enforcement initiative could ever achieve: It completely eradicated the New Orleans drug market. However, Katrina did little to eliminate the demand for drugs. This article documents the process of the drug market reconstitution that occurred 2005-2008 based on in-depth interviews and focus groups with predominately low-income drug users and sellers. B...