Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including nivolumab, an anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody, are now used against various malignancies. While they show remarkable efficacy in a certain number of patients, also associated with variety immune-related adverse events. One such event is drug eruptions, which may present unusual clinical findings.This article protected by copyright. All rights rese...

Background: Although most cases of drug eruptions are mildand self-limited and are relieved after discontinuation of theresponsible drugs, statistics of life threatening outcomes shouldbe kept in mind. Moreover, it is important to identify the mostcommon age and sex groups, and the most vulnerable groupsin any area related to offending drugs. Thus, we collected thebasic information of patients ...

Background: This study was conducted because up to now,the investigations performed on cutaneous manifestations ofantihypertensive agents’ reactions, especially in Pakistan, arenegligible even though these drugs are taken by a large numberof people. The aim of this study was to determine the cutaneousmanifestations of different antihypertensive agents in terms ofdosage and duration.Method: The ...

Cutaneous eruptions are a commonly reported adverse drug reaction. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in the pediatric population have a significant impact on patients' current and future care options. A patient's recollection of having a "rash" when they took a medication as a child is a frequent reason for not prescribing a particular treatment. The quick detection and treatment of cutaneous ad...

Although allergic reactions to antibiotics account for only a small proportion of reported adverse drug reactions, they are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and increased health care costs.1-3 Estimates of the prevalence of antibiotic allergy vary widely.1-3 Any organ may be affected, but the skin is most commonly involved. Data from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance...

Erlotinib is low molecular-weight quinazolin derivatives which selectively inhibit the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) tyrosine kinase activity of the intracellular domain, block autophosphorylation and the subsequent signaling cascades. EGF-R is expressed on basal keratinocytes, sebocytes, the outer root sheath of hairs, and endothelial cells in the skin, and plays important roles in ...

Psoriasiform drug eruptions are very rare and generally characterized as erythematous, thick, dry, squamous, and demarcated plaques, resembling those of idiopathic psoriasis (1). Drugs may result in the exacerbation of pre-existing psoriasis or initiation of de novo psoriatic lesions (2). Apixaban, a reversible direct inhibitor factor Xa, is a novel anticoagulant, and its side effects mainly in...

The main objective of the paper is to find out the prevalence, to identify the probable causative agents and contributing factors. Cutaneous drug reactions (CDR) were prospectively among dermatological outpatients from August 2003 to September 2005. The total numbers of patients studied were 37,864. Drug history with clinical examination was done. The type of lesions with duration, age, sex, th...

Magmatic intrusions and volcanic eruptions are intimately related phenomena. Shallow magma intrusion builds subsurface reservoirs that are drained by volcanic eruptions. Thus, the long-held view is that intrusions must precede and feed eruptions. Here we show that explosive eruptions can also cause magma intrusion. We provide an account of a rapidly emplaced laccolith during the 2011 rhyolite e...