Intent-to-treat analyses are warranted in clinical trials, which usually contain right-censored data due to treatment failures or dropouts. An explanatory analysis, easily achieved with PROC MIXED, assumes data missing at random, which is not the case in clinical trials since the dropouts are often associated with the treatment assignments (Little and Rubin, 1987). A pragmatic analysis (Hogan a...

We demonstrate a tunable all-optical gating phenomenon in a single-section quantum dot laser. The free-running operation of the device is emission from the excited state. Optical injection into the ground state of the material can induce a switch to emission from the ground state with complete suppression of the excited state. If the master laser is detuned from the ground-state emitting freque...

This paper is concerned with an observer-based guaranteed cost control (GCC) problem for networked control systems (NCSs) with random data packet dropouts. Both the sensor-to-controller (S/C) and controller-to-actuator (C/A) packet dropouts are modeled by two mutually independent stochastic variables satisfying Bernoulli binary distribution. The resultant observer-based controller guarantees th...

This paper is concerned with the problem of vehicular platoon control in vehicular ad hoc networks subject to capacity limitation and random packet dropouts. By introducing binary sequences as the basis of network access scheduling and modeling random packet dropouts as independent Bernoulli processes, we derive a closedform methodology for vehicular platoon control. In particular, an interesti...

This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for networked control systems (NCSs) with packet-dropouts and delays. A state estimator is incorporated into the controller node, and the controller uses the estimated states when packet-dropouts occur. By using such a estimator-based controller, the closed-loop NCS is modelled as a discrete-time switched systems with both stable and unstab...

The aim of this study was to examine the birthdates distribution of French male soccer players (n = 363,590) who dropped out during or after the 2006-2007 season, to determine whether the relative age effect is linked to dropout behaviour. An over-representation of players born late in the competitive year was observed among dropouts, from the U-9 to the U-18 age categories, whereas their count...

This study examined how substance use trajectories from ages 15 to 23 in a community sample (N=921) were related to educational pathways. Rates of heavy drinking converged across different paths, but starting college at a 2-year college before transferring to a 4-year college was related to later increase in drinking after high school. Higher future educational attainment was negatively associa...

What Do We Know About the Economic Benefits of the GED? A Synthesis of the Evidence from Recent Research This paper synthesizes new research on the economic impact of the General Educational Development (GED) credential. Four new lessons emerge from research that has been conducted since a comprehensive review of GED-related research that was published in 1998. First, any economic benefits asso...