We aimed to determine the optimal method of inserting a screw into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement to enhance fixation. We performed six groups of ten axial pull-out tests with two sizes of screw (3.5 and 4.5 mm AO cortical) and three methods of insertion. Screws were placed into 'fluid' PMMA, into 'solid' PMMA by drilling and tapping, or into 'curing' PMMA with quarter-revolution turns ev...

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a utility theory based decision-making technique, which works on a premise that the decision-making of complex problems can be handled by structuring them into simple and comprehensible hierarchical structures. However, AHP involves human subjective evaluation, which introduces vagueness that necessitates the use of decision-making under uncertainty. The vagu...

Esters were found to be promising alternatives oil, as a constituent of drilling fluids, due their biodegradability and bioaccumulation attributes. In this study, we used ethyl octanoate ester (EO) low molecular weight synthetic oil for formulating an ester-based fluid (EBDF). Aluminum oxide nanorods (nanoparticles) introduced Pickering emulsion stabilizer. Like the commercial emulsifiers, they...