laparoscopy has made a revolution in surgical procedures and treatment of various diseases but its complications are still under investigation. intra-abdominal visceral and vessel injuries, trocar site hernia, and leaving foreign bodies into the peritoneal cavity are among some laparoscopic surgery complications. this is a rare report of penrose drain migration following incomplete laparoscopic...

the knowledge of variations in the superficial veins is of clinical importance for the anatomist, radiologists, clinical practitioners and surgeons in order to plan about the operative procedures. usually cephalic vein drains into the axillary vein. in this case report study the left cephalic vein communicates with the left external jugular vein and made a common trunk at the superior surface o...

In wild-type (WT) Columbia and Landsberg erecta ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., trichomes are present on the adaxial surfaces of all rosette leaves but are absent from the abaxial surfaces of the first-formed leaves. We have determined that both long-day (LD) photoperiod and gibberellin (GA) stimulate trichome formation. WT plants grown in LD conditions produce the first abaxial t...

The leaves of higher plants develop distinct cell types along their adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) axes. Interaction between leaf primordium cells with adaxial and abaxial identities is necessary for lateral growth of the developing leaf blade. We show that the growth and asymmetry of leaves in Antirrhinum majus involves the related YABBY transcription factors GRAMINIFOLIA (GRAM) and PROLONGA...

The course of the frontal diploic vein in the mole Talpa and the tree shrew Tupaia is described and compared to the frontal diploic vein of other mammals. The frontal diploic vein in Talpa and Tupaia connects the dorsal sagittal sinus to the veins of the orbit and has an emissary function. In certain other mammals it has a diploic function and may drain towards the orbit (e.g., Orycteropus) or ...

INTRODUCTION Central venous catheter placement is a routine procedure for the management of critically ill patients; however, it is important to ensure its proper placement. A central venous catheter malposition may cause various complications, some of which can be fatal. CASE PRESENTATION We report an unexpected malposition of a catheter in the left internal jugular vein, where it entered in...

BACKGROUND Venous stasis caused by immobility is an important risk factor for deep vein thrombosis following surgery and lower limb trauma, in bed-ridden medical patients, and in high-risk long distance air travelers. A safe and convenient method for reducing venous stasis would be useful in patients while in hospital and after discharge during their rehabilitation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 49 he...