However, in cryptography, we are more interested in trap-door functions, which are easy to compute and hard to invert unless given trap-door information. In this class, we will go deeper into computational number theory, in particular, the Chinese Remainder theorem, then look at operations in Z n, and finally introduce RSA and Rabin assumptions which shed lights to the design of trap-door funct...

Every year, 90 percent of Americans give money to charities. Is such generosity necessarily welfare enhancing for the giver? We present a theoretical framework that distinguishes two types of motivation: individuals like to give, e.g., due to altruism or warm glow, and individuals would rather not give but dislike saying no, e.g., due to social pressure. We design a door-to-door fund-raising dr...

Many resources are expended to ensure a sterile operating room environment. Efforts are made to prevent exposure of patients to personnel and to achieve positive room pressure to keep out airborne contaminants. Foot traffic into and out of the operating room during surgery can undermine these efforts. The authors investigated the number and duration of operating room door openings during hip an...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of nurse initiated thrombolysis on door to needle time (the interval between arriving at the hospital and starting thrombolytic treatment) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN Comparison of door to needle times before and after the employment of nurses trained and approved to initiate thrombolysis without prescription by a doctor but with a pro...

BACKGROUND Prior studies demonstrated that patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction presenting during off-hours (weeknights, weekends, and holidays) have slower reperfusion times. Recent nationwide initiatives have emphasized 24/7 quality care in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. It remains unclear whether patients presenting off-hours versus on-hours receive similar q...