A novel version of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms for solving continuous space problems is presented in this paper. The basic structure and concepts of the originally reported ACO are preserved and adaptation of the algorithm to the case of continuous space is implemented within the general framework. The stigmergic communication is simulated through considering certain direction vect...

The Curonian Spit, characterized by the highest drifting sand dunes in Europe, is a 98 km long, thin, curved sand dune peninsula located in the East of the Baltic Sea. The northern stretch of the Spit belongs to Lithuania, while the rest is part of Russia. Investigations on birds and on bird haemosporidian parasites are carried on in this region. Bloodsucking dipterous insects are specific vect...

2 Abstract The breeding method has been implemented in the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) coupled general circulation model (CGCM) in its operational configuration where ocean data assimilation is used to initialize the coupled forecasts. Bred vectors (BVs), designed to capture the dominant growing errors in the atmosphere-ocean coupled system, are applied as initial ensemb...

Bacterial endophytes colonize the inner tissues of host plants through the roots or through discontinuities on the plant surface, including wounds and stomata. Little is known regarding a possible role of insects in acquiring and transmitting non-phytopathogenic microorganisms from plant to plant, especially those endophytes that are beneficial symbionts providing plant protection properties an...