Releasing prices and performing cash subsidy payment to all applicants with a different income level create differences in the method of household function and different services of organizations including waste and recycling management organization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cash subsidy payment on the quantity of domestic waste in Rasht (Guilan province, Iran)....

Rice production in most of Asian countries has been increased more rapidly than population and this has been led to increase in supply and proportionately decrease in the real price of rice in world and domestic markets. Furthermore, together with growth in production and national gross income of the country per-capita income has been increased and also demand for rice at national and internati...

It is a stylized fact that product prices tend to react faster an increase in costs of intermediate inputs, than decrease. This study uses scanner data retailers emerging economy, Kazakhstan, analyze how large exchange rate shocks impact consumer prices. Consistent with previous studies, we found incomplete pass-through (ERPT) into prices, even year after the initial shock. ERPT, however, heter...

Markets for domestic housing in countries like England differ from other markets because the stock is fixed in the short term, buyers need to raise mortgages to finance their purchases and prices tend to be set through intermediaries (‘estate agents’ or realtors). We introduce an agent-based model in which some of the main features of the English market emerge from interactions between buyers, ...

We show that offshore outsourcing can occur even when there are no economies of scale or cost advantages for the foreign firms. What drives the phenomenon is that domestic firms, by accepting orders for intermediate goods, incur the disadvantage of becoming Stackelberg followers in the ensuing competition to sell the final good. Thus they have incentive to quote high provider prices to ward off...

Housing is a key component of the U.S. economy: in 2001, housing comprised more than a third of the nation’s tangible assets, and, in the form of home building and remodeling, housing consumption and related spending represented more than 21 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product. Since 2001, home sales, prices, equity and debt have all grown substantially, enabling millions of Americans to...