Forty domestic pigs were used for the study. Saline solution washout was produced by bilateral lung lavage. The lavage process was repeated until adequate impairment of gas exchange (defi ned as PaO2 < 100 mmHg) 60 min following the last lavage was achieved. Subsequently, lung injury was established and each model was randomized to one of fi ve groups, with differences in the type of mechanical...

This paper studies a planning problem for heating water. Hereby, boilers (e.g. gas or electric boilers, heat pumps or microCHPs) are used to heat the water and store it for domestic demands. We consider a simple boiler which is either turned on or turned off and has a buffer of limited capacity. The energy needed to run the boiler has to be bought on a day-ahead market, so we are interested in ...

The air transportation system is a large, complex, global system that transports over 2.1 billion passengers each year. Air traffic delays have become a huge problem for passengers and airlines; they even make the headlines in the popular press and lead to new legislation. Aircraft are also the fastest growing contributor to man-made greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Joint Economic Com...

Trace gas and particle emissions from domestic and industrial biofuel use and garbage burning in central Mexico T. J. Christian, R. J. Yokelson, B. Cárdenas, L. T. Molina, G. Engling, and S.-C. Hsu University of Montana, Dept. of Chemistry, Missoula, MT, USA National Center for Environmental Research and Training, National Institute of Ecology/SEMARNAT, Mexico, DF, Mexico Dept. of Earth, Atmosp...

Global warming is one of the most critical, and also most daunting, challenges facing policymakers in the twenty-first century. Assessing a globally efficient time path for pricing or controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is difficult enough, with huge scientific uncertainties, disagreement over the ultimate goals of climate policy, and disagreement over which countries should bear most re...

Continuous combustion processes are prominently encountered in many applications related to power generation, heating and propulsion. Examples include domestic and industrial burners, steam and gas turbines, waste generators, and jet and ramjet engines. Continuous combustion processes exhibit a wide range of dynamics. Of these, conditions which promote coupling with the acoustic field and resul...

Suicide rates by each major method of suicide are presented for 16 countries in 1960-1964 and in 1980. The overall suicide rate rose during this period in the sample countries. Suicide rates by motor vehicle exhaust, hanging, firearms and other methods rose during this period, suicide rates by domestic gas fell, and suicide rates by solids or liquids, drowning and cutting did not change. It is ...

The uropygial (preen) gland secretion of the domestic turkey resembles that of the chicken in consisting mainly of a diester wax. The esterified fatty acids are saturated; they include all members of the n-C(10)-C(20) homologous series, the C(17)-C(19) acids together accounting for 60% of the total. There are four major 2,3-n-alkanediols, C(19)-C(23), all having the erythro configuration as det...

This paper analyzes the dynamics of U.S. automobile gasoline consumption since 1975. Using background literature on the history of domestic fuel economy and energy policy, I establish a conceptual model that explains historical trends in adoption of increased fuel economy. I then create a system dynamics simulation model to understand the relationship between increased fuel economy standards an...

This product can be set to selectively detect any reducing or oxidizing molecule and/or vapor in the presence of other molecules. The technology is designed to use any sensor head (solid state and/or electrochemical) which features high reliability, high sensitivity, fast response and low cost. The system can be tailored to suit specific purposes in the field of toxic and combustible gases (alc...