Precious historical treasures might be hidden between the lines of a text. There are many implicit details which can be extracted from a text, particularly if one has access to an entire corpus of texts pertaining to the given subject. One of these details is the identification of the era in which the author of the given document(s) lived. For Hebrew-Aramaic rabbinic documents, which are almost...

The intent of this document is to define a common case study for the aspect-oriented modeling research community. The domain of the case study is crisis management systems, i.e., systems that help in identifying, assessing, and handling a crisis situation by orchestrating the communication between all parties involved in handling the crisis, by allocating and managing resources, and by providin...

This section of notes discusses some of the fundamental processes involved in electric machinery. In the section on energy conversion processes we examine the two major ways of estimating electromagnetic forces: those involving thermodynamic arguments (conservation of energy) and field methods (Maxwell’s Stress Tensor). But first it is appropriate to introduce the topic by describing a notional...

We approach cross-lingual question answering by using a mono-lingual QA system for the source language and by translating resulting answers into the target language. As far as we are aware, this is the first cross-lingual QA system in the history of CLEF that uses this method—almost without exception, cross-lingual QA systems use translation of the question or query terms instead. We demonstrat...

This vignette is part of the BiocParallel package and focuses on error handling and logging. A section at the end demonstrates how the two can be used together as part of an effective debugging routine. BiocParallel provides a unified interface to the parallel infrastructure in several packages including snow , parallel , BatchJobs and foreach. When implementing error handling in BiocParallel t...

In Japanese, there are a large number of notational variants of words. This is because Japanese words are written in three kinds of characters: kanji (Chinese) characters, hiragara letters, and katakana letters. Japanese students study basic rules of Japanese writing in school for many years. However, it is difficult to learn which variant is suitable for a certain context in official, business...

Technical documents are often very large in size. Documents exceeding 1000 pages are no exception. Technical documents are created by a group of authors often working concurrently. Technical documents that describe a product have a long lifetime, which follows the progressive development of the product described. This development has to be supported by multiple versions of one document. Technic...

In mail surveys, it is frequently necessary to ask the respondents to describe themselves by their place of birth, profession, education,etc. in written form. The answers must subsequently be coded by the statistical agency. Modern optical scanning equipment can transcribe the answers to machine-readable form. Because of distorted characters and unusual spelling, automatic coding may not always...

Entity annotation is emerging as a key enabling requirement for search based on deeper semantics: for example, a search on ‘John’s address’, that returns matches to all entities annotated as an address that co-occur with ‘John’. A dominant paradigm adopted by rulebased named entity annotators is to annotate a document at a time. The complexity of this approach varies linearly with the number of...