While there is general agreement on the necessity to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in many clinical situations, there is less agreement on the best method to achieve this purpose. As the gold standard method for GFR determination, urinary (or renal) clearance of inulin, fades into the background due to inconvenience and high cost, a diversity of filtration markers and protocols compe...

Temperature gradient fluctuations that occur naturally as a result of heating and cooling of the soil surface were reproduced within 15-cm-d, 15-cm-long acrylic tubes filled with moist sand. Sunny and rainy periods during the late summer in eastern Texas were simulated. Five ecologically different nematode species were adapted to fluctuating temperatures for 20-36 hours at a simulated depth of ...

To the Editor: Iohexol is regarded as an accurate filtration marker for measuring GFR. Recently, Soveri et al concluded that plasma clearance of iohexol could be considered a valid alternative to the gold standard, urinary clearance of inulin. Because inulin urinary clearance is cumbersome and costly, iohexol and iothalamate clearance have become popular in Europe and the United States, respect...

P r e s e n t m e t h o d s o f establishing and m a i n t a i n i n g monoxenic cultures of plant parasitic nematodes are laborious. Use of complex, multicomponent nutrient media for production of callused host tissues is a factor c o n t r i b u t i n g to the inefficiency of these methods. For example, tile most commonly used of these media contains 19 constituents (1) . This n o t e r e p o...

Previous reports suggest that fungivorous nematodes are the only trophic group in forest soils affected by elevated CO2. However, there can be ambiguity within trophic groups, and we examined data at a genus level to determine whether the conclusion remains similar. Nematodes were extracted from roots and soil of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) forests fumiga...

Conidia of the endoparasitic nematophagous fungus Drechmeria coniospora adhere to the sensory organs of many nematode species. In some cases the adhesion phase is followed by penetration of the nematode cuticle and subsequent infection. In a study of eight different nematode species and five strains of the fungus only two species were infected: Panagrellus vedivivus was infeted by all strains a...

Soils collected from 28 canola fields in Malkara, Süleymanpaşa, Muratlı, Hayrabolu, and Ergene districts of Tekirdağ were examined for the determination nematode fauna. In soils taken 0-60 cm depth each field, genera nematodes recovered by modified Baermann Funnel method. Of these, eight bacterivores, three fungivores, five omnivores, predators, rest plant-parasitic species. Nematodes survey ar...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a fragment of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from species and undescribed populations of Aphelenchoides and Ditylenchus angustus. The PCR primers used were based on conserved sequences in the 18S and 26S ribosomal RNA genes of Caenorhabditis elegans. In C. elegans, these primers amplify a 1,292 base pair (bp) fragment, which consists of the two ...

Sugarcane-associated nematodes (Saccharum spp.) can reduce productivity up to 50%. Through the survey, it was possible identify main that occur in a certain region as tool for designing best management and control strategies. The aim of this study characterize population associated with sugarcane North Central, Pioneiro Northwest mesoregion state Paraná, Brazil, quantify nematode genera crop sp...