A significant amount of research has been performed to explore the mathematical basis for dimensional and geometric tolerance representation, analysis, and synthesis. However, tolerancing semantics such as logical dependency among variations and sequence of specifications is not maintained in these models. Consequently, their numerical results are not interpretable. In this paper, a semantic to...

Let E be a division ring and G a finite group of automorphisms of E whose elements are distinct modulo inner automorphisms of E. Given a representation ρ : A → GLd(E) of an F-algebra A, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for ρ to be writable over F = E, i.e. whether or not there exists a matrix A in GLd(E) that conjugates ρ(A) into GLd(F). We give an algorithm for constructing an A, or...

It is well known that the property of generalized Lorenz dominance (GLD) between two distributions is a scaled Lorenz dominance, where the scale factor is the ratio of the two finite positive means. It is convenient to test the GLD property between any pair of distributions because, the property is equivalent to the so-called second order stochastic dominance (SSD), whose statistical tests may ...

To determine whether Fas or Fas ligand (FasL) plays a role in susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we bred a TCR transgenic mouse specific for the Ac1-11 peptide of myelin basic protein to mice with inactivating mutations in Fas (lpr) or FasL (gld). Disease induction by peptide immunization in such mice produced similar disease scores, demonstrating that Fas/FasL i...

In C. elegans, the decision between germline stem cell proliferation and entry into meiosis is controlled by GLP-1 Notch signaling, which promotes proliferation through repression of the redundant GLD-1 and GLD-2 pathways that direct meiotic entry. We identify prp-17 as another gene functioning downstream of GLP-1 signaling that promotes meiotic entry, largely by acting on the GLD-1 pathway, an...

Germline stem cells (GSCs) are the best understood adult stem cell types in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and have provided an important model system for studying stem cells and their cell fate in vivo, in mammals. In this review, we propose a mechanism that controls GSCs and their cell fate through selective activation, repression and mobilization of the specific mRNAs. This mechanism i...

The C. elegans germ line proliferates from one primordial germ cell (PGC) set aside in the early embryo to over a thousand cells in the adult. Most germline proliferation is controlled by the somatic distal tip cell, which provides a stem cell niche at the distal end of the adult gonad. The distal tip cell signals to the germ line via the Notch signaling pathway, which in turn controls a networ...

Abstract Distribution of tree diameters in a stand is characterized using models that predict diameter moments and/or percentiles conjunction with mathematical system to recover the parameters an assumed statistical distribution. Studies have compared Weibull distribution recovery systems but arrived at different conclusions regarding best approach for recovering stand’s from predicted stand-le...