One of the most fundamental aspects of bioinformatics in understanding sequence evolution and relationships is molecular phylogenetics, in which the evolutionary histories of living organisms are represented by finite directed (weighted) graphs, in particular, directed (weighted) trees. There are basically two types of phylogenetic methods, distance based methods and character based methods. Di...

We define a compression distance, based on a normal compressor to show it is an admissible distance. The first theme concerns the statistical significance of compressed file sizes. Only in recent years have scientists begun to appreciate the fact that compression ratios signify a great deal of important statistical information. In applying the approach, we have used a new DNA sequence compresso...

a study with travel cost method (tcm) was performed to evaluate ecotourism demand of lake belonging to karoon 3 dam. for this purpose, 220 clawson questionnaires at highest demand time (february to may 2008) were completed. results of this investigation showed that forecasting outdoor recreational value of karoon 3 dam limits is equal to 2,879,550,000 rials at month, during study. in order to p...

In recent work we presented a new approach to the analysis of weighted networks, by providing a straightforward generalization of any network measure defined on unweighted networks. This approach is based on the translation of a weighted network into an ensemble of edges, and is particularly suited to the analysis of fully connected weighted networks. Here we apply our method to several such ne...

Abstract The article applies the economic theory of alliances to uncover military expenditure burden sharing in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) during 1991–2020, prior Russia’s invasion Ukraine February 2022. In so doing, our analysis accounts for relative locations NATO allies through various spatial or weights applied allies’ defense spending. Such include membership status, contigu...

The paper considers a family of probability distributions depending on a parameter. The goal is to derive the generalized versions of Cramér-Rao and Bhattacharyya inequalities for the weighted covariance matrix and of the Kullback inequality for the weighted Kullback distance, which are important objects themselves [9, 23, 28]. The asymptotic forms of these inequalities for a particular family ...

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a part-based image representation method. It comes from the intuitive idea that entire face image can be constructed by combining several parts. In this paper, we propose a framework for face recognition by finding localized, part-based representations, denoted “Iterative weighted non-smooth non-negative matrix factorization” (IWNS-NMF). A new cost fun...

Let T be a tree on n vertices and let the n− 1 edges e1, e2, . . . , en−1 have weights that are s× s matrices W1,W2, . . . ,Wn−1, respectively. For two vertices i, j, let the unique ordered path between i and j be pi,j = er1er2 . . . erk . Define the distance between i and j as the s × s matrix Ei,j = ∏k p=1Wep . Consider the ns × ns matrix D whose i, j-th block is the matrix Ei,j . We give a f...