This paper studies a supply chain design problem with the risk of disruptions at facilities. At any point of time, the facilities are subject to various types of disruptions caused by natural disasters, man-made defections, and equipment breakdowns. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear program which maximizes the total profit for the whole system. The model simultaneously deter...

In this paper, we develop a supply chain/logistics network model for critical needs in the case of disruptions. The objective is to minimize the total network costs, which are generalized costs that may include the monetary, risk, time, and social costs. The model assumes that disruptions may have an impact on both the network link capacities as well as on the product demands. Two different cas...

We perform the first magnetohydrodynamical simulations of tidal disruptions of stars by supermassive black holes. We consider stars with both tangled and ordered magnetic fields, for both grazing and deeply disruptive encounters. When the star survives disruption, we find its magnetic field amplifies by a factor of up to 20, but see no evidence for a self-sustaining dynamo that would yield arbi...

Firms cannot function successfully without managing a host of internal and external organizational and process interdependencies. Part of this involves business continuity planning, which directly affects how resilient a firm and its business sector are in the face of disruptions. This paper presents the results of field studies related to information risk management practices in the health car...

Recent examples of disruptions in the news suggest a strong geographical dimension to supply chain disruptions, and to their effects. For example: • The west-coast port lockout in 2002 strangled U.S. retailers' supply lines while east-coast ports were essentially unaffected (Greenhouse 2002) • The foot-and-mouth disease scare in the U.K. in 2001 caused the U.S. to ban imports of British meat (M...

The care of the critically ill infant or child often is complicated further by disruptions in fluid or electrolyte balance. Prompt recognition of these disruptions is essential to the care of these patients. This article provides an overview of the principles of fluid and electrolyte balance in the critically ill infant and child. Imbalances in fluid homeostasis and imbalances in sodium, potass...

This paper studies multi-tier supply chain networks in the presence of disruption risk. Firms decide how to source their inputs from upstream suppliers so as to maximize their expected profits, and prices of intermediate goods are set so that markets clear. We provide an explicit characterization of equilibrium prices and profits, which allows us to derive insights on how the network structure,...

h OVER THE PAST decade we have experienced what might be called a ‘‘perfect storm’’ in technological disruptions. The two seemingly separate communities of photonics and microprocessors have each undergone paradigm shifting developments that emerged intertwined and are driving the future of computing. With power dissipation severely limiting the frequency scaling of microprocessors, the emergen...

Chronic exposure to arsenic affects more than 200 million people worldwide, and has been associated with many adverse health effects, including cancer in several organs. There is accumulating evidence that arsenic biotransformation, a step in the elimination of arsenic from the human body, can induce changes at a genetic and epigenetic level, leading to carcinogenesis. At the genetic level, ars...

Mastitis is ranked as the top disease for dairy cattle based on traditional cost analysis. Greater than 100 organisms from a broad phylogenetic spectrum are able to cause bovine mastitis. Transcriptomic characterization facilitates our understanding of host-pathogen relations and provides mechanistic insight into host resistance to mastitis. In this review, we discuss effector mechanisms and tr...