dry areas near the sea can obtain fresh water through solar distillation of saline sea water resources. however, these solar distillation sites produce wastewater as a result of desalination of sea water with high salt concentration. waste must be disposed of with the least effect on the receiving environment (sea, in most cases). initial dilution and its characteristics play important roles in...

Although the retorted, or processed, shale represents the largest by-product from oil shale retorting operations, results from detailed studies indicate that it can be managed in an environmentally acceptable manner. Laboratory and field tests have demonstrated the following properties: using normal vehicular traffic; cementation strength to 1480 kPa, using only retorted shale and optimum water...

The use of cement and concrete to immobilise radioactive waste is complicated by the wideranging nature of inorganic cementing agents available as well as the range of service environments in which cement is used and the different functions expected of cement. For example, Portland cement based concretes are widely used as structural materials for construction of vaults and tunnels. These const...

BACKGROUND Clear guidance for how patients should dispose of unused and expired medications is lacking. Medications improperly disposed of can make their way into groundwater, surface water, and even drinking water. Incineration is the best disposal option currently available for waste medications. Although a few pharmacies will facilitate proper disposal of unused and expired medications, the ...

The solid waste materials in cities are the natural outcome of human activities. Most of our cities and municipalities in third world countries like India is a major concern of the government due to the health problems associated with improper disposal of waste. Several factors are considered in site selection for waste disposal. Provision of such system appears to be a major problem due to the...

Foreword The CRC for Catchment Hydrology S2 project 'Managing Disposal Basins for Salt Storage within Irrigation Areas' was based on the premise that disposal basins are 'a fact of life' in the Murray-Darling Basin. Consequently there is a need for guidelines to site, design and manage them to minimise environmental and other problems. However, more than 190 existing basins were built when ther...

Since 2010, the Environment Agency of England has had a range flexible tools at its disposal to deal with misconduct. One such sanction, enforcement undertaking, is akin settlement where regulator and offender agree breach through promises that may restore remedy environmental harm caused by offence. The majority these undertakings further require make donations charitable causes improve enviro...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to measure the attitude and practice of Kuwaiti patients in Kuwait with regard to safe disposal of unwanted medicines. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three-hundred patients or their family members waiting for prescriptions at public general hospitals in Kuwait completed a questionnaire soliciting their practice with regard to medication use and disposal, and their o...

There is a wide range of information available on by-product disposal methods used by large national breweries. However, little information is available on the methods of by-product disposal used by craft breweries. An investigation was carried out in which 200+ British craft brewers were contacted, of which 90 craft brewers provided basic information about their brewery operations and by-produ...