pre-implant disease is an inflammatory process that affects the surrounding tissues of a functional osseointegrated implant. it is usually the result of a disequilibrium between the micro-flora and the defense system. this case reports a 57-year-old man with unusual bone loss around dental implants. this was an unusual case of peri-implantitis that occurred only in the implants on one side of t...

Thrombotic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or other embolic diseases that are responsible for worldwide mortality and morbidity, are manifestations of the formed thrombi by blood clots during a pathologic blood coagulation process. Once thrombi are formed, the only way to resolve the blood clot i...

Background: The hepatitis B virus infection is a major cause of liver diseases in the world. It mostly affects psychological and social aspects as well as the mental health of patients. The aim of this study was to explain the process of social interactions in patients with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection.  Methods: The present study was conducted using the grounded theory method from 2...

Th1 lymphocytes produce cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, TNF-β and GM-CSF. IFN-γ is the most important Th1 cell cytokine that induces the production of IgG, activation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, and also increasing MHC class I and class II molecules. Increasing serum level of Th1 cytokines have also been observed in MS patients. It has also been prov...

Background: Nowadays, gamete and embryo donation is applied as effective process in treatment infertility problems. In order to participate in the process of donation, donors should complete an extensive questionnaire that details their personal and family medical history. Included in this questionnaire should be a detailed sexual history, substance abuse history, history of family disease, and...

Today medical and Healthcare industry generate loads of diverse data about patients, disease diagnosis, prognosis, management, hospitals’ resources, electronic patient health records, medical devices and etc. Using the most efficient processing and analyzing method for knowledge extraction is a key point to cost-saving in clinical decision making. Data mining, sometimes called data or knowledge...

An understanding towards the overlapping syndromes is essential to cope up the liver disease with the paradigm shift which is underway. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) all belong to the family of autoimmune liver diseases. This can result in a transient phenotypic overlap or a combined syndrome with characteristics of both dis...

I. The Alzheimer Disease Puzzle 466 A. The amyloid cascade hypothesis 466 B. Moving towards more comprehensive theories for AD 466 C. The importance of tau 467 II. Proteolysis Involved in Multiple Scenarios for Alzheimer Disease 467 A. Proteolytic processing of the APP 467 B. General disturbances of the endolysosomal-phagocytotic system in AD neurons 468 III. Heterogeneity of the Amyloid A Pept...