This paper empirically tests the determinants of closed-end fund (CEF) prices by employing cointegration and error-correction modeling with an advanced ARDL framework. Since CEF shares generally trade at discounts to their net asset value (NAV), we modeled prices, including volatility economic policy indices along NAVs. The present study consists 31 monthly frequency discount data from January ...

Long-acting reversible contraceptives are highly effective in preventing unintended pregnancies, but take-up remains low. This paper analyzes a randomized controlled trial of interventions addressing two barriers to long-acting contraceptive adoption, credit, and informational constraints. The study offered discounts the clients women’s hospital YaoundA©, Cameroon, cross-randomized counseling...

We study online shop impulse buying behaviour of college students in some private universities at Sungai Penuh city and formulate problems as follows: (1) how could price discount affect their behaviour? (2) How bonus packs (3) hedonic value (4) discount, pack, altogether behavior? spread questionners among 60 use descriptive quantitative techniques for data analysis. Results the shows that the...

This study aimed to determine the effect of Price Discount, Store Atmosphere, and Product Display on Impulse Buying at Matahari Department Store. research uses quantitative methods. The population in this were consumers Royal Plaza Surabaya with a sampling technique that is purposive sampling. number samples used was 100 respondents questionnaire data collection technique. analysis answer propo...

This study examined the incidence and determinants of quantity price discounts and quantity price surcharges in the German food sector through a bivariate probit, using recent consumer scanner survey data. Selectivity bias was corrected for in estimating the degree of quantity price surcharge and quantity price discount, using Heckman’s procedure. The findings reveal that almost 10% of the inve...

Suppose that consumers incur fixed shopping costs and choose stores according to advertised discounts. Then, the extent to which a store will discount advertised items should increase with the profit from other regularly-priced items. Bookstores customarily advertise discounts on bestsellers. Among conventional bookstores, we found that the bestseller discount systematically increased with the ...

In this work, we examined the surprising value consumers attach to getting a bargain. Past research has largely understood this phenomenon in terms of the impact discounts have on perceptions of fairness. However, the evidence for this explanation is inconclusive due to a number of viable alternatives as well as issues relating to construct and external validity. The experiments we report here ...

In the present study, the single-item dynamic lot sizing problem with supplier selection is investigated. The problem is broken down into two different cases. In the first case, quantity discounts are not taken into account; in the second case, incremental and all-unit quantity discounts are considered. Due to the complexity of the problems, a new heuristic is developed, which is based on the F...

We consider the joint acquisition and pricing problem where the retailer sells multiple products with uncertain demands and the suppliers provide all unit quantity discounts. The problem is to determine the optimal acquisition quantities and selling prices so as to maximize the retailer’s expected profit, subject to a budget constraint. This is the first extension to consider supplier discounts...