Bottom intake is an intake structure which can be considered as an alternative for regular intakes in mountain streams Water in in taking from river are very vast and complicated issues, each project has special characteristics which should be considered. Water intake from riveris generally based on Pump and gravity method. The gravity method is more useful and common because of continuity and ...

In this paper, the wavelet-based fractal analysis is applied to analyze an electrocorticogram (ECoG) signal recorded from an epilepsy patient. A spectral exponent γ yielded from the wavelet-based fractal analysis is determined from a slope of log 2 var(dm,n)-m graph over an interval of levels. Rather than a single spectral exponent, multiple spectral exponents determined from various intervals ...

Diffuse electron-beam ionized discharges break down into arc discharges under three different conditions: static (no discharge orE-beam), dynamic (discharge on) and pulsed (inductive) overvoltage at switch-off. Dynamic breakdown voltages are lower than static breakdown voltages but in normal operation the discharge "on" voltage is kept to a minimum. The maximum load voltage will only be present...

this study proposed a new discharge estimation method using a mean velocity formula derived from chiu’s 2d velocity formula of probabilistic entropy concept and the river bed shear stress of channel. in particular, we could calculate the mean velocity, which is hardly measurable in flooding natural rivers, in consideration of several factors reflecting basic hydraulic characteristics such as ri...

The effective discharge constitutes a key concept in river science and engineering. Notwithstanding many years of studies, a full understanding of the effective discharge determinants is still challenged by the variety of values identified for different river catchments. The present paper relates the observed diversity of effective discharge to the underlying heterogeneity of flow regimes. An a...

The dynami~ cha~:-acteristics of scroll compresso~: operation have been demonstrated and analyzed in a number of papers over the past decade. This paper discusses the modeling methods used to describe the scroll ~ompressor discharge dynamics. Nume~:ous models are required to accurately represent this complex dynamic p~:-ocess. These include the differential mass continuity and polytropic compre...