BACKGROUND The rapidly increasing number of older drivers is accentuating the challenges in concurrently identifying older drivers posing an unacceptable risk if they continue to drive, while not discriminating against those capable of safely driving. Attendees of an invitational meeting about the assessment of older drivers were asked to participate in a modified Delphi process designed to dev...

The theme of this article is that knowledge acquisition can be managed as a transition from general expertise to specific expertise. FORR is a general architecture for learning and problem solving that models expertise at a set of related problem classes. This architecture postulates initial broad domain knowledge, and gradually specializes it to simulate expertise in individual problem classes...

OBJECTIVE To compare the variability of screening tests held at laboratories with the Unit for External Quality Control (UEQC), checking the frequency of cases that were discordant, false-positive, false-negative, unsatisfactory or that had a delay in clinical management and diagnostic agreement. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study analyzed 10,053 screening tests from January 2007 to December 200...

New more powerful therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis may also confer a potential for unprecedented life-endangering side effects. How does a physician respond to a patient's request for a treatment the benefit of which cannot be clearly established as worth its risk? The current challenge with prescription of natalizumab (Tysabri(®), Biogen Idec) is used to illustrate how this co...

Misunderstandings are social in nature, always having two sides. Yet the misunderstandings experienced by people with Asperger's syndrome are usually studied in terms of the individual with a diagnosis, with less emphasis on social relations. We use a two-sided methodology to map out misunderstandings within 22 dyads (n = 44) consisting of people with Asperger's syndrome and their family member...

AIMS To determine the role of alcohol-related knowledge, behaviours and attitudes in regional inequalities of binge drinking in England. RESULTS Adults in all regions except West Midlands and men in the East of England had significantly higher odds of binge drinking than in London. Odds of binge drinking were significantly higher among adults who had had an alcoholic drink in the last 7 days ...

We propose a model of the representation and processing of uncertainty and use it to account for data from an experimental study of the use of probability words. Given two sentences, one using a probability word and the other phrased in terms of reasons-to-believe, subjects were asked to judge if the second was an acceptable paraphrase for the first. For certain word/paraphrase pairs there was ...

The EISCAT VHF radar (69.4°N, 19.1°E) has been used to record vertical winds at mesopause heights on a total of 31 days between June 1990 and January 1993. The data reveal a motion ®eld dominated by quasi-monochromatic gravity waves with representative apparent periods of 30±40 min, amplitudes of up to 2.5 m s and large vertical wavelength. In some instances waves appear to be ducted. Vertical ...

Despite the fact that most competence-relevant settings are socially relevant settings, the interpersonal effects of achievement goals have been understudied. This is all the more surprising in the case of performance goals, for which self-competence is assessed using an other-referenced standard. In the present research, performance-goals are conceived as a social tool for regulating interpers...

The beliefs people hold about the social and physical world are central to self-definition and social interaction. The current research analyzes reasoning about three kinds of beliefs: those that concern matters of fact (e.g., dinosaurs are extinct), preference (e.g., green is the prettiest color), and ideology (e.g., there is only one God). The domain of ideology is of unique interest because ...