Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) holds when, in a closed population with random mating and without mutation and natural selection, genotype frequencies at any locus is a simple function of allele frequencies. Testing for HWE is now a common practice in population genetics and genetic association studies of non-communicable diseases; however, it is less-regarded, or sometimes miss-interpreted, i...

stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (mufa). a number of studies support the hypothesis that scd gene regulation and polymorphism may affect fatty acid composition and fat quality in meat and milk. single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of the bovine stearoyl-coa desaturase gene have been predicted to result in ...

A phototoxic target lipid model (PTLM) is developed to predict phototoxicity of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured either as median lethal concentration (LC50) or median lethal time (LT50) for a 50% toxic response. The model is able to account for the differences in the physical/chemical properties of PAHs, test species sensitivities, and variations in light source char...

A field population of Lutzomyia longipalpis from La Rinconada, Lara State, an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Venezuela, was tested for susceptibility to organochlorine (DDT 2%), carbamate (propoxur 0.01%), organophosphate (malathion 2%, fenitrothion 1%, and pirimiphos methyl 1%), and pyrethroid (deltamethrin 0.06%, lambdacyhalothrin 0.06%, and permethrin 0.2%) insecticides. Suscepti...

The cerambycid beetle Hedypathes betulinus (Klug) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) causes severe damage to yerba mate plants (Ilex paraguariensis (St. Hilaire) (Aquifoliales: Aquifoliaceae)), which results in large losses of production. In this study, the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi of the species Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), Metarhizium ...

Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), woolly apple aphid (WAA) is an important pest on apples globally and a key of production in South Africa. The has developed some level resistance against several chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been identified as promising biological control agents wide array insect pests. main aim this study was to conduct survey lo...

Extension by integer translates of compactly supported function for multiplier spaces on periodic Hardy spaces to multiplier spaces on Hardy spaces is given . Shannon sampling theorem is extende d to Hardy spaces. 1 . Introduction and statement of results The purpose of this paper is to establish a natural extension from multiplier spaces M(p) on periodic Hardy spaces HP (T) to multiplie r spac...

The most beautiful mathematics to Godfrey Harold Hardy was that which had no application. For Hardy, mathematics was purely for intellectual challenge. He justified the pursuit of pure mathematics with the argument that its very “uselessness” meant that it could not be used to cause harm. Hardy went so far as to describe applied mathematics as “ugly”, “trivial”, and “dull” [1]. Despite Hardy’s ...

Let Ω be a strongly Lipschitz domain of Rn. Consider an elliptic second order divergence operator L (including a boundary condition on ∂Ω) and define a Hardy space by imposing the non-tangential maximal function of the extension of a function f via the Poisson semigroup for L to be in L1. Under suitable assumptions on L, we identify this maximal Hardy space with atomic Hardy spaces, namely with...