corresponding to most of these ammonium salts have also been studied in aqueous solution, and many new Raman lines in addition to those previously recognized4 have been found. The detailed discussion of these spectra is necessarily somewhat complex and will be presented elsewhere, but one significant point may be reported here. Free primary and secondary amines give one (or two) powerful Raman ...

Child-directed cues support imitation of novel actions at 18 months, but not at two years of age. The current studies explore the mechanisms that underlie the propensity that children have to copy others at 18 months, and how the value of child-directed communication changes over development. We ask if attentional allocation accounts for children's failure to imitate observed actions at 18 mont...

OBJECTIVE To establish guidance on grading strength of evidence for the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) program of the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Authors reviewed authoritative systems for grading strength of evidence, identified domains and methods that should be considered when grading bodies of evidence in systematic reviews, considered p...

Interactive delivery of multimedia material destined for educational courseware or large reference archives imposes complex constraints on both the delivery system and on the application design. A City in Transition: New Orleans, 1983-86, a cinematic case study of urban change, combines 3 hours of movie sequences; a still frame library of characters, places and maps, mastered on optical videodi...

BACKGROUND It is widely known that barriers exist in communication between adolescents and health professionals. However, little is known about the actual language used by young people articulating such difficulties and whether email might allow them to overcome these problems. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to investigate concerns and difficulties relating to communication among adol...

Grading the strength of recommendations and the quality of underlying evidence enhances the usefulness of clinical practice guidelines. Professional societies and other organizations, including the American Thoracic Society (ATS), should reach consensus about whether they will use one common grading system and which of the numerous grading systems they would apply across all guidelines. The pro...

While grading the strength of recommendations and the quality of underlying evidence enhances the usefulness of clinical guidelines, the profusion of guideline grading systems undermines the value of the grading exercise. An American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) task force formulated the criteria for a grading system to be utilized in all ACCP guidelines that included simplicity and trans...

The GRADE approach to grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations provides a comprehensive and transparent approach for developing clinical recommendations about using diagnostic tests or diagnostic strategies. Although grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations about using tests shares the logic of grading recommendations for treatment, it presents uniq...

Sonification and audification create auditory displays of datasets. Audification translates data points into digital audio samples and the auditory display’s duration is determined by the playback rate. Like audification, auditory graphs maintain the temporal relationships of data while using parameter mappings (typically data-tofrequency) to represent the ordinate values. Such direct approache...

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To investigate and describe getting lost behaviour and wayfinding strategies among acquired brain injury (ABI) survivors and matched controls. RESEARCH DESIGN Matched control group comparison design. METHODS AND PROCEDURES This study compared wayfinding performance of 18 adults with acquired brain injury to controls matched for gender, age and education. Participants follo...