The injection of apparent power to self-consumption buses generates voltage variations during network operation, which, when properly monitored, could support regulation and control. In this paper, we propose a linear sensitivity modelling, quite useful for studies with distributed energy resources (DER). This modelling consists two analytical improvement steps: first, full formulation the devi...

For remote offshore wind farms, transmitting power to the main onshore grid via a Voltage Source Converter High Direct Current (VSC-HVDC) system is mainstream of transmission. It not only cost-effective in long-distance transmission, but also can fully meet side requirements such as black start, voltage support, fault ride through and frequency support. However, it still has some problems, poss...

Faults in the power system affect reliability, safety, and stability. Power-distribution systems are familiar with different faults that can damage overall performance of entire system, from which they need to be effectively cleared. Underground more complex require extra accuracy fault detection location for optimum management. Slow processing unavailability a protection zone relay coordinatio...

Monitoring, protection, and control processes are becoming more complex as distributed energy resources (DERs) penetrate distribution networks (DNs). This is due to the inherent nature of power DNs bi-directional flow current from various sources loads. To improve system’s situational awareness, grid dynamics entire DER integration must be carefully monitored using synchronized high-resolution ...

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is one of the potential solutions to increase energy system flexibility, as BESS well suited solve many challenges in transmission and distribution networks. Examples network’s challenges, which affect network performance, are: (i) Load disconnection or technical constraints violation, may happen during reconfiguration after fault, (ii) Unpredictable power g...

Voltage dips represent a significant power quality problem. The main cause of voltage and short-term interruptions is an electrical short circuit that occurs in transmission or distribution networks. Faults the system are stochastic by nature dips. As faults can affect more customers than system, to reduce number dips, it not enough invest small part system. Only targeted investment whole (or l...