OBJECTIVE We studied the association of digestible carbohydrates, fiber intake, glycemic index, and glycemic load with insulin sensitivity (S(I)), fasting insulin, acute insulin response (AIR), disposition index, BMI, and waist circumference. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on 979 adults with normal (67%) and impaired (33%) glucose tolerance from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study ...

The composition of the gut microbiome is hypothesized to be an environmental factor that contributes to obesity. Results of several human studies suggest that obesity is associated with differences in the gut microbiota composition, reduced bacterial diversity, and altered representation of bacterial metabolic pathways. The obese phenotype is associated with increased microbial fermentation and...

1. Groups of lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice were adapted to varying energy intakes and the rates of total protein turnover in liver, gut and kidney were measured. 2. Lean mice gained less weight when fed above maintenance and lost less weight when fed below maintance than obese mice. 3. Hepatic protein turnover (mg/d) was sigmoidally related to digestible energy intake in lean mice but...

Replacement of dietary lilt by sucrose polyester reduces fat intake. However, little is known about the effccts of sucrose polyester on gastrointestinal function. To investigate the effect on gastric acid secretion and on release of cholecystokinin into plasma, we perfused eight healthy male volunteers intraduodenally with sucrose polyester, digestible fat, or saline on separate days in random ...

The objective of the present study was to investigate the postprandial metabolism of two starches with contrasting rates of hydrolysis in vitro. Characterized using the Englyst method of in vitro starch classification, C*Set 06 598 contained predominantly rapidly digestible starch and C*Gel 04 201 contained predominantly slowly digestible starch. Each test starch, naturally enriched with 13C, w...

Six experiments were conducted to determine the true digestible valine requirement of 5- to 20-kg pigs. In Exp. 1, a valine-deficient diet for 5- to 10-kg pigs was developed and validated in terms of growth performance in response to supplemental L-valine. A different basal diet was validated for 10- to 20-kg pigs in Exp. 2. Both diets were demonstrated to be deficient in valine and to support ...

Replacement of dietary fat by sucrose polyester reduces fat intake. However, little is known about the effects of sucrose polyester on gastrointestinal function. To investigate the effect on gastric acid secretion and on release of cholecystokinin into plasma, we perfused eight healthy male volunteers intraduodenally with sucrose polyester, digestible fat, or saline on separate days in random o...

The study was conducted to evaluate carcass yield and chemical composition of thigh and breast muscles of broilers fed three different lysine requirement levels: high lysine (+10% NRC), standard (NRC) and low lysine (-10% NRC) and two ways of expressing amino acids in feedstuffs (total or digestible amino acids). The results of this study showed that diet formulation based on digestible amino a...

ter digestibility, apparent digestible energy and apparent metabo-lizable energy are similar to the published values of Adeola and Bajjalieh (1997) and NRC (1998). Total nitrogen intake was similar (P > 0.10) between the corn varieties (Table 3). The amount of nitrogen digested (0.03 and 0.03 lb/d) and retained (0.01 and 0.01 lb/d) were similar (P > 0.10) between the corn rootworm protected and...