Conversion of ethanolamine to choline (l), with methionine serving as the methyl donor (2), has been established in the intact animal. Stetten (1) observed that the labeled nitrogen of ethanolamine-N15 was retained in the choline molecule, and we determined that the carbon chain of ethanolamine is the precursor in vivo of the choline carbon chain (3). Conversion of ethanolamine to choline by in...

Gene variants encoding several of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), are among the largest genetic associations with risk for alcohol dependence. Certain genetic variants (i.e., alleles)—particularly the ADH1B*2, ADH1B*3, ADH1C*1, and ALDH2*2 alleles—have been associated with lower rates of alcohol dependence. These alleles may lead ...

This paper aimed to analyzed the factors influencing knowledge sharing. An integrative literature review was employed as a tool in analyzing step. Total twenty academic papers which concerned with knowledge sharing were chosen. Thirty five factors were mentioned in those literatures. As a result, five factors which were most mentioned in earlier literatures were chosen as a key success factors ...

Previous research indicates that the therapeutic alliance is a main factor in determining successful outcomes of psychotherapy. The goal of this study was to expand the understanding of not only the therapeutic alliance, but also how other contributing factors such as empathy, experience of the therapist, therapeutic modality, client’s level of motivation, personality, and symptomology increase...

BACKGROUND: As downsizing of institutional care continues, patients discharged are likely to have more severe mental illnesses, and to have experienced longer tenures within institutions than patients who have been discharged in the past. As greater numbers of patients are removed from mental hospitals, the objective burden experienced by informal care-givers may increase, particularly if forma...