vehicle routing problem (vrp) is one of the major problems in the transportation and distribution planning. in the most previous studies, the objective of vrp models was distance and vehicle related costs. however in many industrial cases along with routing distance, vehicle loading amount is a factor of cost function. in this paper, we formulate a mixed integer non-linear programming (minlp) m...

Introduction:  Breast  cancer  is  a  leading  cause  of  death  among  females  throughout  the  world.  Currently,  radiologists are able to detect only 75% of breast cancer cases. Making use of computer-aided design (CAD)  can play an important role in helping radiologists perform more accurate diagnoses.   Material and Methods: Using our hybrid method, the background and the pectoral muscle...

In this paper, a new algorithm for studying elastic wave propagation in the phononic crystals is presented. At first, the displacement-based forms of elastic wave equations are derived and then the forms are discretized using finite difference method. So the new algorithm is called the displacement-based finite difference time domain (DBFDTD). Three numerical examples are computed with this met...