Using cellular automata, the authors show how mutual influences among elements of self-relevant information give rise to dynamism, differentiation, and global evaluation in self-concept. The model assumes a press for integration that promotes internally generated dynamics and enables the self-structure to operate as a self-organizing dynamical system. When this press is set at high values, the ...

In this review article we present results regarding the fuzzy order relations.The concept of fuzzy order was introduced by generalizing the notion of reflexivity, antisymmetric and transitivity.

We find necessary and sufficient conditions for a ranking index defined on the set of triangular fuzzy numbers as a linear combination of its components to rank effectively. Then, based on this result, we characterize the class of ranking indices which generates orderings on triangular fuzzy numbers satisfying the basic requirements by Wang and Kerre in a slightly modified form.

Learning concepts and categories in the real world is often accompanied by verbal labels. The existing theoretical accounts of how labels influence what we learn range from facilitation to overshadowing, with changes occurring over development. Studies investigating how labels influence what people learn have typically been confined to a category learning framework, where participants were task...

Existing literature evidences the association between adolescents' school self-concept and engagement, both concepts being related to students' perception of teachers and peers as motivators. However, few longitudinal studies explore the interplay of these factors. The present study aims to close this gap, applying latent cross-lagged panel design to two-wave data from German adolescent student...

The paper presents a new kind of fuzzy binary relations for modelling conditional possibility. The key idea is to consider fuzzy preorders as conditional necessity measures, and to obtain the associated conditional possibility measures afterwards by using a negation function.

An usual and effective way to define a similarity relation is from a function of distance. Nevertheless, if we consider only usual distances, then some natural kinds of similarity relations cannot be obtained. In this paper, we analyze some of these kinds of similarity relations, and we find non-usual distances in order to obtain these ones.

Centroid and spread are commonly used approaches in ranking fuzzy numbers. Some experts rank fuzzy numbers using centroid or spread alone while others tend to integrate them together. Although a lot of methods for ranking fuzzy numbers that are related to both approaches have been presented, there are still limitations whereby the ranking obtained is inconsistent with human intuition. This pape...