As a precursor to the development of a gamified system to improve learning outcomes, we investigate the perception of important stakeholders, namely learners, on gamification in learning. However, as gamification is a relatively new approach/term, we neither assume that learners are knowledgeable about it nor do we attempt to explain the term in detail to them. Instead, we focus on common eleme...

Comparative studies on pen-and-paper and computer-based test principally focus on statistical analysis of students’ performances. In educational assessment, comparing students’ performance (in terms of right or wrong results) does not imply a comparison between the solving processes followed by students. In this paper we present an example of task analysis that allows to highlight how students’...

One of the assumptions in classical planning is that the environment is static: i.e., the planner is the only entity that can induce changes in the environment. A more realistic assumption is that the environment is dynamic; that is, there are other entities in the world and the actions generated by the planner may fail due to the operations of these entitites. In this paper, we describe a plan...

objectives: the role of cognitive process for postural control was shown in dual task studies. however, there was no definite evidence how verbal instructions influence the allocation of attention to postural control. this study determined whether young and elderly adult are able to deliberately control the resource allocation when performing a sensorimotor and cognitive task simultaneously and...