Diarrhoea is still a considerable public-health problem in developing countries, especially among children aged less than five years. The well-known relationship between seasonal variation and aetiological agents of diarrhoeal diseases helps inform the decisions about the prevention and control measures. The aim of this study was to identify the temporal patterns of deaths due to diarrhoea in c...

Four hundred adults presenting with acute watery diarrhoea were entered into a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind clinical trial of berberine, tetracycline, and tetracycline and berberine to study the antisecretory and vibriostatic effects of berberine. Of 185 patients with cholera, those given tetracycline or tetracycline and berberine had considerably reduced volume and frequency of...

A total of 1602 routine rectal swab specimens and 341 diarrhoeal specimens were obtained over a period of one and a quarter years from a group of children of semi-urban areas in the town of Vellore, North Arcot District, Tamil Nadu, India. Shigellae were found in 16.1 % of the specimens obtained at the time of diarrhoeal episodes. A 4.9 % incidence of asymptomatic infection with Shigella specie...

Millions of people, most of whom are children in developing countries, die of basic hygiene-related diseases every year. Interventions in hygiene, sanitation and water supply have been shown to control disease burden. Universal access to improved water sources and basic sanitation remains elusive but is an important long-term goal. Studies have shown that improving the microbiological quality o...

Context: Candida species inhabit the gut as normal flora and can assume a pathogenic role when host defenses falter. Aims: To determine the percentage isolation of Candida in diarrhoeal stools, to speciate them and to identify the presence of predisposing factors leading to their proliferation in the gut. Methods and Material: Microscopic and cultural evaluation of Candida in faeces of patients...

Diarrhoea was estimated to account for 18% of the estimated 10.6 million deaths of children aged less than five years annually in 2003. Two—Africa and South-East Asia—of the six regions of the World Health Organization accounted for approximately 40% and 31% of these deaths respectively, or almost threequarters of the global annual deaths of children aged less than five years attributable to di...

Lactation counsellors were trained to advise mothers of partially breast-fed infants who were admitted to hospital because of diarrhoea, so that they could start exclusive breast-feeding during their hospital stay. Infants (n = 250) up to 12 weeks of age were randomized to intervention and control groups. Mothers in the intervention group were individually advised by the counsellors while mothe...

In this paper, we numerically investigate the effects of surfactant on dropdrop interactions in a 2D shear flow using a coupled level-set and immersed interface approach proposed in (Xu et al., J. Comput. Phys., 212 (2006), 590–616). We find that surfactant plays a critical and nontrivial role in drop-drop interactions. In particular, we find that the minimum distance between the drops is a non...

Aeromonas species are ubiquitous water borne organisms and cause gastrointestinal infection in humans (Horneman et al., 2007). Aeromonas species comprises of mesophillic motile and psychrophilic nonmotile gram negative bacterium. Three distinctive gastroenteritis are caused by Aeromonas spp. (a) acute watery diarrhoea, (b) dysentery and (c) sub acute or chronic diarrhoea (Janda et al., 1998). A...