T he diabetic foot syndrome represents a major problem in the health care of diabetic patients. Understanding the molecular basis of this disease is an important step toward a rational treatment. Due to the systemic character of diabetes, disturbances in several basic cell functions appear to contribute to impaired wound healing. Many essential processes of normal wound healing are regulated in...

Advanced glycoxidation end products (AGEs) are implicated in delayed diabetic wound healing. To test the role of diet-derived AGE on the rate of wound healing, we placed female db/db (+/+) (n = 55, 12 weeks old) and age-matched control db/db (+/-) mice (n = 45) on two diets that differed only in AGE content (high [H-AGE] versus low [L-AGE] ratio, 5:1) for 3 months. Full-thickness skin wounds (1...

The integration of several cellular responses initiates the process of wound healing. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an integral role in wound healing. Their main function is degradation, by removal of damaged extracellular matrix (ECM) during the inflammatory phase, breakdown of the capillary basement membrane for angiogenesis and cell migration during the proliferation phase, and contr...

Ischemia is one of the main epidemic factors and characteristics of diabetic chronic wounds, and exerts a profound effect on wound healing. To explore the mechanism of and the cure for diabetic impaired wound healing, we established a type 2 diabetic rat model. We used an 8 weeks high fat diet (HFD) feeding regimen followed by multiple injections of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 10mg/kg to ...

BACKGROUND Increased oxidative stress and stress enzyme 11β hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase-1 (11β HSD-1) served as the major contributing factors for delayed wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM). Piper betel (PB) leaves are reported to possess anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of topical application of PB l...

The effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in diabetes-related healing defects were investigated by using an incisional skin-wound model produced on the back of female diabetic C57BL/KsJ-m(+/+)Lept(db) mice (db(+)/db(+)) and their normoglycemic littermates (db(+/+)m). Animals were treated with rHuEPO (400 units/kg in 100 microl s.c.) or its vehicle alone (100 microl). Mice were ki...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very common disease that results from the body’s inability to maintain blood glucose level within normal limits. Blood levels are either too high or low. One study shows up-to 30% people with DM experience skin problems. If sugar well controlled, rate of wound healing and developing severe infection significantly less. Regarding management in diabetic p...

Diabetic wound, also known as diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), is a form of chronic lesion that disrupts the patient's lifestyle and, in severe cases, may be fatal. Recent endeavors utilizing enzymes, particularly nanozymes conjunction with other materials, have revealed potential to treat wounds. Herein, rational structural design enzyme‐based biomaterials summarized after presenting types and proce...