background: human activities such as mining enhance the radioactivity levels above normal background which can lead to an incremental increase in the radiation risk to the population. materials and methods: 20 tailing enriched soil samples collected around maiganga coal mine, gombe, northeast nigeria were assessed for their 226ra, 232th and 40k contents using hpge gamma-ray detector. results: t...

in this paper, a high speed delay-locked loop (dll) architecture ispresented which can be employed in high frequency applications. in order to design the new architecture, a new mixed structure is presented for phase detector (pd) and charge pump (cp) which canbe triggered by double edges of the input signals. in addition, the blind zone is removed due to the elimination of reset signal. theref...

Two micro crystal element (MiCE) detector unit designs are evaluated. The detector units are built using highly packed arrays of 0.8 0.8 6 mm mixed lutetium silicate (MLS) crystals. The first detector unit, MiCE1, consists of a 5 5 array of 0.8 mm 0.8 mm 6 mm MLS crystals. The detector unit is coupled to four channels of a Hamamatsu multichannel photomultiplier tube (PMT) via a 2 2 array of 2 m...

This paper defines the fault-tolerant mutual exclusion problem in a message-passing asynchronous system and determines the weakest failure detector to solve the problem. This failure detector, which we call the trusting failure detector, and which we denote by T , is strictly weaker than the perfect failure detector P but strictly stronger than the eventually perfect failure detector P . The pa...

Maps to projective spaces correspond to linear series. To better study linear series on smooth curves, Eisenbud and Harris developed their theory of limit linear series for reducible curves of “compact type.” We discuss a new equivalent description of classical Eisenbud-Harris limit linear series which generalizes to the higher-rank case, agreeing with the earlier construction of Teixidor i Big...

In this paper we propose a new timing error detector for timing tracking loops inside the Rake receiver in DS-CDMA. Based on a particle filter, this timing error detector jointly tracks the delays of each path of the frequency selective channels. The proposed scheme avoids the drawback of the classical early late gate detector which is not able to separate closely spaced paths. Simulation resul...

In this paper, a new multiuser detector combining multicarrier and decorrelating detection schemes is proposed and analyzed in a frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel. The bit error probability is derived and compared with that of the conventional decorrelating detector. From the numerical results, it is shown that the proposed detector achieves better BER performance and lower computatio...

Intraoperative optical imaging of exposed organs in visible, nearinfrared, and infrared (IR) wavelengths in the body has the potential to be useful for real-time assessment of organ viability and image guidance during surgical intervention. However, the motion of the internal organs presents significant challenges for fast analysis of recorded 2D video sequences. The movement observed during su...

It is now many years since Kiaer (1924) demonstrated the existence of the hypocercaJ tail in the Anaspida, and subsequently it has been found to be universally present in the Heterostraci (Stetson, 1931; Kiaer, 1932; White, 1935). No experimental attempt seems to have been made, however, to investigate its functional significance (see Harris, 1936), although it has been realized for a considera...