Urban areas and their voracious appetites are increasingly dominating the flows of energy and materials around the globe. Understanding the size distribution and dynamics of urban areas is vital if we are to manage their growth and mitigate their negative impacts on global ecosystems. For over 50 years, city size distributions have been assumed to universally follow a power function, and many t...

The present study investigated the effect of aroma exposure time and aroma concentration on ad libitum intake and subjective satiation. In a within-subject study, thirty-eight unrestrained, healthy female participants (age: 18-39 years; BMI: 18·5-26·0 kg/m²) were asked to consume tomato soup during lunchtime, until they felt comfortably full. Every 30 s, the participants consumed 10 g of a blan...

Address correspondence to: Cristina Palacios, PhD, Nutrition Program, School of Public Health, PO Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936-5067. Email: cristina.palacios@ upr.edu Objective: Stress can have deleterious effects on health and academic performance. Common stress-relieving activities among college students include the non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD). The aim of this study was to...

Implicit attentional processes are biased toward food-related stimuli, with the extent of that bias reflecting relative motivation to eat. These interactions have typically been investigated by comparisons between fasted and sated individuals. In this study, temporal changes in implicit attention to food were assessed in relation to natural, spontaneous changes in appetite occurring before and ...

Based on the theory of incentive sensitization, the exposure to food stimuli sensitizes the brain's reward circuits and enhances attentional bias toward food. Therefore, reducing attentional bias to food could possibly be beneficial in preventing impulsive eating. The importance of chewing has been increasingly implicated as one of the methods for reducing appetite, however, no studies to inves...

As reviewed by [Cooper, S. J. (2008). From Claude Bernard to Walter Cannon: emergence of the concept of homeostasis. Appetite 51, 419-27.] Claude Bernard's idea of stabilisation of bodily states, as realised in Walter B. Cannon's conception of homeostasis, took mathematical form during the 1940s in the principle that externally originating disturbance of a physiological parameter can feed an in...

Preoperative anxiety (PA) in children is a large problem in anaesthesia and critical care. Most of the time only the tip of the iceberg is managed by anesthetist due to low expression by children and lack of any established method of assessment. Parents also cannot fully judge the anxiety of children and report to the doctor. On the other hand parents, too, develop anxiety before the surgery, w...

As society evolves and makes new demands, how do we educate and nurture creative, free-thinking citizens for our increasingly complex world? Is our educational system truly preparing our youth for the future challenges to civilization , culture, and humanity? If we look at our current educational data, the answer seems to say, " Perhaps not. " So where are we failing? What are the issues we fac...

BACKGROUND Physical exercise has positive effects on health. However, its associations with self-rated health and body image, which are important predictors for adolescents' wellbeing and later morbidity, are complex. METHODS Cross-sectional survey among 2527 Norwegian adolescents. We examined the relations between self-reported gender, body size, amount and type of exercise and measures of s...