Exploration with a generative formalism must necessarily account for the nature of interaction between humans and the design space explorer. Established accounts of design interaction are made complicated by two propositions in Woodbury and Burrow’s Keynote on design space exploration. First, the emphasis on the primacy of the design space as an ordered collection of partial designs ~version, a...

One of basic principles in designing treatment environments is to design air conditioning/ventilation system proportionate to environment. Essentially, appropriate air conditioner in treatment spaces must bear the following capabilities: providing healthy and clean air, reducing the concentration of pollutants produced in the atmosphere, emission of pollutants and impeding their spread in exter...

Green space is one of the important infrastructures for keeping natural life and sustainability in modern urbanism and it provides excellent recreational opportunities for the people in the society. However, there are limiting factors in green space development, especially in arid regions, including extreme weather and soil temperatures, low average rainfall, drought, and high potential for eva...

Defining space by dividing it to inside and outside is one of human’s ways to recognize his positionin environment. Architecture is created to response to this need for inside/outside spaces. Design of inside and outsideSpaces and relation between them always has been one of necessities for definition and limitation of human livingspaces, but little attention to relation of this two spatial rea...

Based on a gender equity perspective and within a pluralistic civil society, women should have equal rights for presence in and use of urban open spaces. Despite this, various factors decrease their presence including inappropriate design of space, as well as socio-cultural obstacles. Since women’s major place of presence and activity has traditionally been in or near home, neighborhood open s...

While using the direct issue mode, dependent instructions cause issue blockages and thus an issue bottleneck. Shelving is a technique to avoid this and to increase the sustained issue rate. It takes advantage of two concepts: (a) the decoupling of dependency checking from instruction issue and (b) significantly widening the instruction window that is scanned in each clock cycle for executable i...

In this paper we apply a novel black-box optimisation algorithm to the Global Trajectory optimisation Problem provided by the European Space Agency (ESA). The proposed algorithm, called SAGES, has been applied to instances of seven trajectory design problems, comparing it with the known best solutions. The numerical results show clear improvements on the majority of the problems and, in order t...

a new type of backbone robot is presented in this paper. the core idea is to use a cross shape mechanism with the principle of functioning of the scissors linkages, known as a pantograph. although this continuum arm acts quite similar to tendon-driven robot, this manipulator does not include any tendon in its structure. this design does not suffer from the weaknesses of the continuum design suc...

This tutorial explores the design space of heterogeneous synchronization, which is concerned with establishing consistency among artifacts that conform to different schemas or are expressed in different languages. Our main application scenario is synchronization of software artifacts, such as code, models, and configuration files. We classify heterogeneous synchronizers according to the cardina...