Primary cilia are built and maintained by intraflagellar transport (IFT), whereby the two IFT complexes, IFTA and IFTB, carry cargo via kinesin and dynein motors for anterograde and retrograde transport, respectively. Many signaling pathways, including platelet- derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA/αα, are linked to primary cilia. Active PDGF-AA/αα signaling results in phosphorylation of Akt at two ...

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a common virus that can rarely invade the human central nervous system (CNS), causing devastating encephalitis. The permissiveness to HSV-1 of the various relevant cell types of the CNS, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia cells, as well as their response to viral infection, has been extensively studied in humans and other animals. Nevertheless...

A funder is incorrectly omitted from the Funding statement. The correct Funding statement is as follows: This work was supported by a Polish-German cooperation grant (S007/P-N/2007/01); National Science Center grant N N401 324739; EMBO Short-Term Fellowship to E. Z. (ASTF 211.00.2007); GA No 264173 (Bio-Imagine) and statutory funds for the Nencki Institute. The funders had no role in study desi...

OBJECTIVES The etiology of MS is unknown but genetic factors are supported by a high concordance in twins. Geographic distribution and migration studies indicate, however, the importance of environmental factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 3 pairs of genetically identical twins who had shared the same environment but were discordant for MS. Serum samples were assayed for antibodies again...

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial for the formation of appropriate synaptic connections during development and for learning and memory in adults. Secretion of this neurotrophin is under activity-dependent control. Understanding which patterns of physiological activity regulate BDNF secretion is therefore an important step in the comprehension of its role. We have recently show...

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

1. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ..................................................................... 1 1.

Background: Considering the increasing number of patients with hemophilia and infrastructure requirements for a comprehensive approach, development of a recombinant factor has become a milestone. The objective of this study was to assess the safety, efficacy and non inferiority of Safacto (Recombinant factor VIII) compared with plasma-derived factor in the treatment of hemophilia A. Methods: 10 ...