M.R.I. techniques have been used to describe velum opening of French vowels. Data based on 18 joined axial slices of 4 mm thickness were recorded with two subjects. Differences in vclum opening are calculated from areas measured in the tract between the lowered velum and the back pharynx wall. A 3 D modelling of this tract is also proposed.

The concept of flexibility has occupied an increasingly central role in the operations management and strategy literatures. Despite this surge of interest, the concept of flexibility and the means employed to deliver flexibility remain under-researched topics. This paper critically examines the literature on manufacturing flexibility and lists a number of unresolved tensions and issues in this ...

SFI Working Papers contain accounts of scientific work of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Santa Fe Institute. We accept papers intended for publication in peer-reviewed journals or proceedings volumes, but not papers that have already appeared in print. Except for papers by our external faculty, papers must be based on work done at SFI, inspired by an invited vis...

In her article "National Literatures as Intimate Expression and the Problem of Teaching World Literatures" Kette Thomas analyzes the fundamental tension embedded in the discourse on teaching world literatures. Thomas focuses on models which contextualize the problem around the subject of allegiance either to the reader or the author rather than the commonly limited geographical, national, and p...

Since a number of journals specifically focus on the review and publication of data sets, reviewing their policies seems an appropriate place to start in assessing what existing practice looks like in the 'real world' of reviewing and publishing data. This article outlines a study of the publicly available peer review policies of 39 scientific publications that publish data papers to discern wh...

What do we really mean by a “good” scientific journal? Do we care more about the short– time impact of our papers, or about the chance that they will still be read and cited on the long run? Here I show that, by regarding a journal as a “virtual scientist” that can be attributed a time–dependent Hirsch h-index, we can introduce a parameter that, arguably, better captures the “persistency” of a ...

The ability to process in parallel multiple forms of sensory information, and link sensory-sensory associations to behavior, presumably allows for the opportunistic use of the most reliable and predictive sensory modalities in diverse behavioral contexts. Evolutionary considerations indicate that such processing may represent a fundamental operating principle underlying complex sensory associat...

The Department provides for its major and minor students in French, German, and Spanish, and minor students in Italian, programs of study that are conducive to developing competence in the spoken and written language, with a broad and deep knowledge of the literature and culture of the target languages. The Department offers to its students of Chinese and Japanese a program of study conducive t...

The input signals to the arterial tree is a measured mass flow curve which is found on the course homepage1. Please note that this introduction is not complete, there are many open issues. You will, therefore, need to make assumptions based on your engineering experience and also look for information elsewhere. It is therefore important that you consider the validity of the assumption and its e...