In the authoritarian regimes dissident social activists are not recognized as agents who are capable of participating in decisionand law-making processes. In addition to the factual deprivation of political rights, representatives of the dissident social movements experience cultural deprivation of esteem from the entire society, since the majority of people in authoritarian regimes as a rule d...

The evolutionary conflict over the amount of resources transferred between a parent and its offspring may be resolved by honest signalling of 'need' by offspring and parental investment in relation to signalling level. In birds, biparental care is the norm and evidence that male and female parents differ in their investment pattern in individual offspring is growing. In an experiment on great t...

Studying play behavior in octopuses is an important step toward understanding the phylogenetic origins and function of play as well as the cognitive abilities of invertebrates. Fourteen Octopus vulgaris (7 subadults and 7 adults) were presented 2 Lego objects and 2 different food items on 7 consecutive days under 2 different levels of food deprivation. Nine subjects showed play-like behavior wi...

To study the effects of microinjections of 5 hydroxytryptamine and adrenaline in central grey on pain responsiveness during acute food deprivation, experiments were conducted in nine male rats. Microinjections of 5 HT (10 micrograms/microliter) and adrenaline (10 micrograms/microliter) were given in central grey before and at the end of 6, 12, 18 and 24 hr food deprivation and the effects on pa...

Models of cultural evolution study how the distribution of cultural traits changes over time. The dynamics of cultural evolution strongly depends on the way these traits are transmitted between individuals by social learning. Two prominent forms of social learning are payoff-based learning (imitating others that have higher payoffs) and conformist learning (imitating locally common behaviours)....

Higher visual functions were investigated in patients treated for bilateral congenital cataracts in two experiments. Participants were asked to detect either real or illusory contours (Kanizsa squares in Experiment 1 or one of four different Kanizsa contours in Experiment 2) among distractor items. Compared to normally sighted participants matched for age, gender and education, cataract patient...

based on both animal and human studies, inequality in food intake and social instability has adverse effects on the health of individuals and the community. however, it is not known whether social instability, food deprivation and food inequality affect neuronal death and premature aging in young animals. to address this question, the effects of these adverse situations, histopathological chang...

The operant behaviour in streptozotocin (45 mg or 65 mg/kg) treated rats was studied using albino rats of either sex. Animals were trained daily for 15 days in an operant chamber (Takei & Co.) to press the bar for getting the reward in the form of 45 mg food pellet following 18 hr of food deprivation. After initial training under continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF), animals were trained und...

Mundle, Chakraborty, Chowdhury and Sikdar (2012) developed the first quality of governance (QoG) measures to assess the performance of India’s states. The present article builds on Mundle et al.’s (2012) framework by analyzing the relationship between their QoG measures and absolute child poverty in India. The empirical analysis also includes corruption indicators from Transparency Internationa...

he modernization project launched by the West two centuries ago, was based on three pillars: State-logic, Capital-logic and Ratio-logic; formulated in part by Montesquieu (France), Smith (Britain) and Kant (Germany). The logic of the State implied centralization of coercive power, tempered by democracy. The logic of Capital implied market forces for economic power, tempered by anti-monopoly cla...