There has been tremendous breakthrough in the development of technologies and protocols for counselling, testing, and surveillance of resistant human immunodeficiency virus strains for efficient prognosis and clinical management aimed at improving the quality of life of infected persons. However, we have not arrived at a point where services rendered using these technologies can be made afforda...

Biological hydrogen production is one of the most challenging areas of technology development for sustainable gaseous energy generation. The future of biological hydrogen production depends not only on research advances, i.e. improvement in efficiency through genetically engineered microorganisms and/or the development of bioreactors, but also on economic considerations, as compared to fossil f...

Bit-sequential multiplier is being studied in a (+1, -1) binary representation. The maximum length of multiplier for a fix point numbers consists of n module. Each module is a five bit adder which contains 5 inputs and 3 outputs. It also contains an additional pin at the input as well as at the output. Computation time for multiplication is of the order of O(n). Hardware realization of module i...

Sophisticated on-line tools play an important role in the software life-cycle, by decreasing software development and maintenance effort without sacrificing software quality. Using multiple tools simultaneously would be very beneficial; however, with most contemporary tools, this is impossible since they are often based on incompatible methods of data acquisition and control. This is due largel...

This paper focuses on finding criteria to choose the best combination between a pH sensitive material and detection method. Various pH sensitive polymers and measurement methods exist. However, some measurement methods are not sensitive enough to measure pH in the presence of salt and this need to be investigated further. This paper discusses various pH sensitive materials and detection methods...

In this paper, a fractional order (FO) PID controller is designed to take care of various contradictory objective functions for an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) system. An improved evolutionary Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II), which is augmented with a chaotic map for greater effectiveness, is used for the multi-objective optimization problem. The Pareto fronts showing ...

There are few knowledge representation (KR) techniques available for efficiently representing knowledge. However, with the increase in complexity, better methods are needed. Some researchers came up with hybrid mechanisms by combining two or more methods. In an effort to construct an intelligent computer system, a primary consideration is to represent large amounts of knowledge in a way that al...

A switching mode power supply (SMPS) is a hopeful candidate for the 1MW CW klystron power supply of KOMAC (KOrea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex). The merits of the SMPS are low stored energy, small size, high rating efficiency and possible cost saving whereas the demerits are EMI problem and system complexities. The proposed power is 2MW and it is considered that the modules, each of which h...

Male circumcision is done very frequently in all Pediatric surgery set up. Though several open and device based techniques of circumcision have been described in literature but no single procedure is taken as gold standard in terms of prevention of complications. In our country most of the centers prefer open technique in comparison to device technique simply due to non availabity of device. Th...