This paper investigates the impact of provided service by the retailers and manufacturers on customers’ demand and members’ profit in a supply chain. It focuses on a supply chain structure with one manufacturer and a common retailer. The demand of customers depends on retailer price and service level. A game-theoretic framework is applied to obtain the equilibrium solutions for each entity in s...

The purpose of this study is to define what is information, mainly in terms of cognition units, and also find out its other perspectives and images. Once information is understood, then it is possible to define its role in wisdom development in general and in civilization. First information will be defined in terms of several perspectives. Secondly information will be defined in term of its ima...

C a firm that sells products over repeated seasons, each of which includes a full-price period and a markdown period. The firm may deliberately understock products in the markdown period to induce highvalue customers to purchase early at full price. Customers cannot perfectly anticipate availability. Instead, they use observed past capacities to form capacity expectations according to a heurist...

For many electronic supply chain networks in the world that can comprise hundreds ofcompanies with several tiers of suppliers and intermediate customers, there are numerous presentingrisks to consider. In the electronic supply chain, the situation are even worse, for the characteristics ofthis supply chain: excessive lean management, global sourcing and the rather more uncertain marketdemand. E...

The paper is a case study of customer-initiated software product development. We have observed and participated in system development activities in a commercial software house (company) over a period of two years. The company produces project-planning tools for the oil and gas industry, and relies on interaction with customers for further development of its products. Our main research question ...

Long lasting customer relationships have proven to be beneficial to the success of a company. The computer game business has traditionally been about developing and then selling products to the customers, but today the games apply different marketing strategies such as free-to-play model, which changes the role of a customer. The Existence, Relatedness and Growth (ERG) theory provides a model t...