opportunistic infections are the leading cause of hospitalization and morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive patients and are the most common cause of death between them. we aimed to measure igg antibody against ebv viral capsid antigen (ebv-vca igg) to determine the seroprevalence of this infection in hiv-positive population. a case-control study between september 2011 and oc...

background human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients are also frequently exposed to the hepatitis b virus (hbv), due to the common routes of transmission, therefore, prevention of hepatitis b results in decreased complications of the disease. objectives since the immune response of hiv patients to hepatitis b vaccination is less robust than that found in healthy individuals, this stu...

One third of all European and American HIV-patients are coinfected with hepatitis C. HIV accelerates hepatitis C virus liver disease especially when HIV-associated immune deficiency progresses. Indeed, liver cirrhosis rate is five times higher in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients than in HCV-monoinfected patients. With the introduction of pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination therapy sustain...

1292 INTRODUCTION Since the recognition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), animal models have been developed to study various aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, pathogenesis and control. The most common route of HIV transmission, sexual transmission (UNAIDS, 2012), has been investigated by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques and HIV infect...

The overwhelming share of the global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and disease burden is borne by resource-limited countries. The explosive spread of HIV infection and growing burden of disease in these countries has intensified the need to find solutions to improved access to treatment for HIV infection. The epidemic of HIV infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS...

Many people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) every year. Due to the unique properties of this virus, no effective vaccine has been approved prevent virus. HIV is transmitted a healthy person in various ways, such as sex, using an syringe, etc. So far, ways have proposed spread however, number continues increase Various factors play role process disease transmission.

A massive and notorious impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected communities worldwide, urging extra preventive measure, especially for individuals with comorbidities including those who are suffering from human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). We reported a case 45-year-old man severe acute respiratory 2 (SARS-CoV-2) HIV infectio...

Background: Scleroderma is a chronic systemic disorder that affects the connective tissues. It is characterized by several immune manifestations, inflammation, vascular damage, and fibrosis. Some of the viral infections with complex mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of many autoimmune diseases, such as scleroderma. The present study aimed to investigate the serological ...

Epidemiologists have long established beyond all reasonable doubt that infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leads to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Natural history cohorts have demonstrated that the median time from infection to development of AIDS is approximately 12 years, and that this long duration is broadly similar in all populations infected by HI...

Enhancement of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) specific cytotoxic Tcells mechanisms in an HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infected individual seems to improve the clinical picture of an individual by reducing Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) state progression rate. In this paper, we develop a system of deterministic differential equations representing the immune c...