Machine learning is vulnerable to adversarial examples: inputs carefully modified to force misclassification. Designing defenses against such inputs remains largely an open problem. In this work, we revisit defensive distillation—which is one of the mechanisms proposed to mitigate adversarial examples—to address its limitations. We view our results not only as an effective way of addressing som...

This paper considers the transfer of digital data over leaky and noisy communication channels. We develop defensive strategies exploiting the fact that noise prevents the attacker from accurately measuring leakage. The defense strategy described in this paper pairs each useful data element k with a camouflage value v and simultaneously transmits both k and v over the channel. This releases an e...

Plectranthus Amboinicus, plant extract has indispensible beneficial agents in traditional Indian medicine and Ayurveda. Incidence of several diseases, including Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing gradually to a new peak. The major goal this investigation was identify estimate defensive capability Amboinicus on enzymatic functions liver investigate attenuating potential HCC biomarker. ...

Early blight of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) incited by Alternaria solani is highly destructive disease in the world. Environmental factors significantly impact early epidemics, leading to loss up 78 per cent production. Twenty genotypes were used this study identify resistant and susceptible selected represent a range reactions when screened under field conditions. The plants evaluated for...

Rodents display characteristic defense responses to predators that are influenced by predatory imminence. The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) serves an important role controlling these responses. The most influential model states that variations in defensive topography are due to distinct PAG regions: ventrolateral PAG (VLPAG) controls postencounter defense, such as freezing and immobility, ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Increased demand for non-invasive cosmetic laser procedures has led to an increase in the use of physician extenders (PE). This demand has now led to a variety of medical legal concerns surrounding the use of lasers by non-physician PE. STUDY DESIGN This review looks at the evolution of the relationship between physicians and the various types of PE. The focus of the ...

Previous studies have revealed that children increase the size of drawings of topics about which they feel positively and use their most preferred colours for colouring in these drawings, and decrease the size of topics about which they feel negatively and use their least preferred colours for colouring in these drawings. However, these previous findings have been obtained in studies employing ...

From a litigation perspective, neurosurgery is considered a 'super high-risk' field, and this has been associated with rapidly increasing malpractice cover costs. In 2013 the annual Medical Protection Society fee for cover was R250,900. We wished to determine whether high malpractice cover was influencing how neurosurgeons managed patients. A 40-question online survey asking questions on defens...

In this study, the authors examined perceived benefits and costs of the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Mixed accounts of benefits and costs, rather than exclusive accounts of only benefits or costs, were proposed to be characterized by nondefensiveness and enduring changes in psychosocial resources. Participants were 70 SARS recoverers, 59 family members of SARS recoverer...